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| Occurrence of imazalil-resistant biotype of Penicillium digitatum in China and the resistant molecular mechanism |
| Zhu Jin-Wen, Xie Qing-Yun, Li Hong-Ye |
| Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China |
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Abstract Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum (Pers.:Fr) Sacc. is one of the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruits. Experiments were conducted to determine the occurrence of resistance of P. digitatum to imazalil in China. Four imazalil-Resistant (R) isolates were identified from 189 isolates of P. digitatum. The highest EC50 of an imazalil-R isolate was 0.578 mg/L, 29 times higher than that of the most imazalil-sensitive (S) isolate, suggesting that imazalil-R biotype of P. digtatum had occurred in China. In vitro assessment indicated that the imazalil-R isolates were not significantly different from imazalil-S isolates in their growth rate and sporulation, indicating that the imazalil-R biotype has competence similar to that of imazalil-S one and could co-exist with it in environment. To determine the mechanism of the resistance, CYP51 gene was amplified from P. digitatum genome and sequenced. The results revealed that a tandem repeat of four extra copies of a unique 126-bp sequence in the upstream promoter region of CYP51 gene present only in imazalil-R isolates, but not in imazalil-S isolates, implying this tandem repeat sequence may regulate the expression of CYP51 positively, and lead to the sensitivity decrease.
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Received: 02 March 2006
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