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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2013, Vol. 39 Issue (6): 629-635    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.01.251
农业科学     
菰（Zizania latifolia）主要农艺性状及其驯化育种
王营营， 黄璐， 樊龙江*
（浙江大学农学系，浙江省作物种质资源重点实验室，杭州310058)
Main agronomic traits, domestication and breeding of Gu (Zizania latifolia)
WANG Yingying，HUANG Lu, FAN Longjiang*
(Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources of Zhejiang Province, Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)
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摘要： 通过收集我国菰野生资源和半野生资源并进行驯化育种，获得了株型紧凑、茎叶粗壮直立的2个半驯化菰材料“加油1号”和“戈山1号”，并以该半驯化菰为育种材料，对它们的染色体基数、花期、花序结构、种子性状及发芽率等进行研究.结果表明：中国菰（Zizania latifolia）染色体数为2n=34条，不同于北美菰；“加油1号”的花期主要在9月中旬到10月中旬之间，总体比野生菰早约15 d，比“戈山1号”晚约10 d；在菰花序中雌雄花比例约为1∶1.8，并首次绘制了其花序模式图；“加油1号”菰糙米千粒质量为12.7 g，粒长和宽分别为9.70 mm和1.48 mm，比北美沼生菰（Z. palustris）偏小；电镜观察发现菰米淀粉粒排列规则；采用改良的种子处理方法，菰种发芽率可以达到62.9%.本研究获得的半驯化菰材料开花正常，株型紧凑，为实现中国菰驯化提供了重要的基础遗传材料，但在落粒性和花期等目标农艺性状上还有待改良.
Abstract: Zizania is a cereal species with the closest relationship to Oryza genus in the grass family and is the only genus which is distributed discontinuously between Eurasia and North America in the tribe Oryzeae. Gu (Zizania latifolia) was an important cereal in Chinese history (one of six important cereals in Zhou Dynasty), but it now has disappeared. Another species in Zizania genus, Z. palustris, has been domesticated as a commercial cereal crop in North America in last century. However, no effort has been done in genetic improvement or domestication of Chinese Gu to date. As a part of our effort to recover the ancient Chinese cereal, in this study, the chromosome number of collected Gu was examined by modified carbol fuchsin stain and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, the main agronomic traits of two semidomesticated Gu (Jiayou 1 and Geshan 1) were investigated, including flowering period, inflorescence structure, seed phenotype and germination rate. The results showed that chromosome number of Gu was 2n=34, which was different from that of Z. palustris (2n=30). The flowering period of Jiayou 1 usually happened in one month from the middle of September to October, which was 15 days earlier than wild Gu and 10 days later than Geshan 1. The ratio of pistillate to staminate flowers was about 1∶1.8 and an inflorescence ideograms of Gu was first drawn. The kilograin mass of brown Gu was about 12.7 g with 9.70 mm length and 1.48 mm width of brown seeds, which were smaller than Z. palustris. Furthermore, the regular arrangement of starch granules was found in the Gu seed by scanning electron microscope. The germination rate of Jiayou 1 seeds could reach 62.9% with an improved seed treatment method. In sum, the semidomesticated Gu, which has a compact plant architecture and normal flowering, provide an important genetic material for the domestication of Gu, although other target traits such as seed shattering need to be improved in future. The ancient crop and its domestication should been given more attention, and more efforts should be taken on artificial mutation breeding.
出版日期: 2013-11-20
CLC:  S 32  
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王营营
黄璐
樊龙江*

引用本文:

王营营， 黄璐， 樊龙江*. 菰（Zizania latifolia）主要农艺性状及其驯化育种[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 39(6): 629-635.

WANG Yingying，HUANG Lu, FAN Longjiang*. Main agronomic traits, domestication and breeding of Gu (Zizania latifolia). Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(6): 629-635.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.01.251    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2013/V39/I6/629

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