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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2012, Vol. 38 Issue (5): 585-592    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.01.101
生物科学与技术     
干旱胁迫对4种砧木樱桃嫁接苗光合生理的影响
孙旭科， 余柯达， 傅丽娜， 孟祥丽， 郭卫东， 陈文荣
浙江师范大学 化学与生命科学学院，浙江 金华 321004
Effects of drought stress on leaf photosynthetic physiological charateristics in sweet cherry seedlings grafted on four different rootstocks
SUN Xu-ke, YU Ke-da, FU Li-na, MENG Xiang-li, GUO Wei-dong, CHEN Wen-rong
College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
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摘要： 研究栽培品种‘早大果’樱桃（Prunus avium ‘Zaodaguo’）以‘大青叶’（P. pseudocerasus ‘Daqingye’）、‘本溪山樱’（Cerasus sachalinensis ‘Benxishanying’）、‘考特’（P. avium ×  P. pseudocerasus ‘Colt’）和‘莱阳矮樱’（P. pseudocerasus ‘Laiyangaiying’）为砧木的一年生嫁接苗,对干旱胁迫的光合生理特征和叶绿体超微结构的影响，以用于筛选适应南方独特夏秋季短时干旱气候特征的嫁接砧木。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下，4种砧木品种的叶片相对含水量（RWC）、光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、总叶绿素含量（TChl）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）出现逐渐下降的趋势;其中，‘本溪山樱’砧甜樱桃下降缓慢、幅度小，干旱胁迫16 d后，接穗叶内的RWC、TChl、Pn、Gs及Fv/Fm值降幅分别为10.7%, 28.4%, 37.8%, 51.5% 及20.5%；相同条件下，以上参数在其他3种砧木嫁接苗的降幅普遍比‘莱阳矮樱’的降幅高2倍以上，其中，以‘考特’嫁接苗的下降速度最快、幅度最大。在电镜条件下，‘莱阳矮樱’、‘考特’和‘大青叶’出现叶绿体超微结构受损、基粒片层解体的现象，而‘本溪山樱’的叶绿体结构相对比较完整。将10个指标通过隶属函数分析表明：4种樱桃砧‘早大果’的抗旱性顺序由强到弱依次为‘本溪山樱’、‘莱阳矮樱’、‘考特’、‘大青叶’。可见，砧木选择对甜樱桃耐旱性影响显著，对于干旱半干旱地区种植甜樱桃，‘本溪山樱’是较好的砧木选择。
Abstract: Sweet cherry is a common economic fruit tree in China. The occasional and temporal drought, which is common in South China areas, has become a main environmental factor that decreases vegetative growth and yield, and reduces fruit size, and sometimes quality, causing important economic losses in orchards. Grafting elite and commercial cultivars onto rootstocks capable of reducing the effect of drought  stress on shoot is a promising tool for enhancing drought resistance. It was reported that certain traits of rootstocks had a marked influence on droughtstress response, including differences in root distribution, water uptake efficiency and root hydraulic conductivity, as well as crop load and fruit characteristics. However, little information was available about the rootstock germplasm screening for drought tolerance in sweet cherry. The objective of the present study was to screen the potential cherry rootstock germplasm to make sweet cherry adapt to the drought stress. The sweet cherry ‘Zaodaguo’ (Prunus avium L.)  were grated on four rootstocks, Prunus avium  ‘Zaodaguo’, P. pseudocerasus ‘Daqingye’, Cerasus sachalinensis ‘Benxishanying’ P. avium  × P. pseudocerasus ‘Colt’ and P. pseudocerasus ‘Laiyangaiying’. After an initial period of growth under wellirrigated conditions the amount of irrigation was gradually reduced to 40% of field moisture capacity as the drought stress, to simulate natural drying in the soil. Then, the responses of photosynthesis and chloroplast ultrastructure alternations of ‘Zaodaguo’ sweet cherry to drought stress were analyzed. The results showed that the leaf relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll contents (TChl), photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm)  of all seedlings grafted on four rootstocks were significantly altered by the drought stress (P < 0.05). With aggravated drought stress, the Pn, Gs, Tr (transpiration rate) and Fv/Fm decreased gradually. After subjected to drought stress for 16 d, the decreases with 10.7%, 28.4%, 37.8%, 51.5% and 20.5% were observed in RWC, TChl, Pn, Gs and Fv/Fm of ‘Benxishanying’. Correspondingly, the decreases were generally above 2fold higher in other three rootstocks than the decreases in ‘Benxishanying’, and the greatest decrease generally occurred in seedlings grafted on ‘Colt’. Under drought stress, the chloroplast lamellar structures were disordered in the leaves of ‘Laiyangaiying’, ‘Daqingye’ and ‘Colt’, in which the chloroplast was swollen and the fine structure was deformed, and the chloroplast matrix zone expanded and the lamellae structure became loose; however, the chloroplast ultrastructures were relatively intact in leaves of ‘Benxishanying’. Through membership function analysis based on the 10 photosynthetic parameters, the drought resistance capacity of the four cherry rootstocks was in descending order as follows: ‘Benxishanying’, ‘Laiyangaiying’, ‘Daqingye’ and ‘Colt’. These results above indicate that ‘Benxishanying’, as a relatively drought tolerant rootstock, is a promising choice for sweet cherry cultivated in arid and semiarid areas.  
出版日期: 2012-09-20
CLC:  Q 945.78  
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