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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2013, Vol. 39 Issue (5): 497-503    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.03.211
农业科学     
辐照壳聚糖对辣椒抗性酶及生长的调节作用
徐超1， 沈凯2， 邵路亭2， 丁兴成1*
（1.浙江大学原子核农业科学研究所/农业部核农学重点开放实验室，杭州310029；2.浙江大学应用生物科学系，杭州310012）
Regulatory function of irradiated chitosan to antioxidant enzymes and growth of Capsicum annuum L
XU Chao1, SHEN Kai2, SHAO Luting2, DING Xingcheng1*
(1.  Institute of  Nuclear Agricultural Science /  Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of  Agriculture, 
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; 2. Department of Applied Bioscience, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou  310012, China)
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摘要： 为研究辐照壳聚糖对辣椒抗性酶的影响及其生长调节作用，采用不同剂量的60Co γ线对壳聚糖进行辐照改性，并用凝胶色谱法测定改性后的壳聚糖相对分子质量。辣椒种子在辐照壳聚糖溶液中浸泡催芽后测定发芽率，移栽种植按设定时间喷施壳聚糖溶液后测定辣椒植株叶片和果实中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）的活性。结果表明，辐照壳聚糖的重均相对分子质量与数均相对分子质量均显著变小，相对分子质量分布变得均匀。辐照壳聚糖在质量浓度低于100 mg/L时对辣椒发芽率具有一定的抑制作用，质量浓度为200 mg/L时发芽率比对照组提高14.29%。辐照剂量及质量浓度对3种酶均具有显著影响，但不同辐照剂量及质量浓度的壳聚糖对酶的影响程度不同。随辐照剂量的增大酶活性逐渐升高，但质量浓度的升高却导致酶活性先升高后降低。在最佳条件下对SOD酶、POD酶和PAL酶的促进作用分别达到43.17%、55.56%和60.00%。随着壳聚糖质量浓度的增加，辣椒果实质量也呈先升后降的趋势，在不同剂量条件下均在100 mg/L时具有最大的单粒果实质量。辐照壳聚糖对辣椒植株内酶的影响具有累计效应，最终影响到辣椒果实的质量。可以确定壳聚糖经辐照后作为激发因子能明显调节植物体内的抗逆能力与防御能力，提高辣椒植株中的抗氧化酶活性，改变细胞清除活性氧的能力，进而调节辣椒生长。
Abstract: Chitosan can be used as the growth regulator to promote the germination, adjust crop growth, increase crop antioxidant enzyme activity and finally increase the crop yield and quality. However, due to the large molecular mass, chitosan would not be directly soluble in water and not easily absorbed by the plants, which restricts its application in agriculture. In all sorts of degradation methods, gamma ray irradiation is considered as an ideal polymer degradation method, because it has the characteristic of  fast degradation speed, energy efficiency and almost no by-products. Capsicum annuum L. is a kind of favorite vegetables for people, but it cannot be stored for long time and difficult to transport. In order to improve the above mentioned properties of pepper, one method is to adjust the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It is reported in literature that chitosan has effects on the plant enzymes. However, whether the chitosan irradiated by 60Co   γ  rays also has effects on antioxidant enzymes was little known until now.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the physiological responses of pepper to
 the irradiated chitosan, and to find the relationship between gamma ray dose and antioxidant enzyme activity. The obtained results would provide the scientific evidence for the application of irradiated chitosan in agriculture. The molecular mass of irradiated chitosan which was irradiated by different dose (0, 33, 66, 100 kGy) of 60Co  γ    rays was measured by the means
of high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Irradiated chitosan was dissolved to the concentration of 0, 50, 100, 200, 500 mg/L. The pepper  seeds were soaked in the chitosan solution to investigate the germination rate. The pepper seedlings were transplanted to soil and planted. Chitosan solution was sprayed evenly on time. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) in pepper  leaves and fruits was measured and analyzed by SAS 9.1. The mass   of pepper fruits was also recorded. The results indicated that molecular mass of chitosan decreased with the increasing  of   ray dosage. The polydispersity index of all irradiated chitosan was nearly at 2.21, which was smaller than the value of unirradiated chitosan (2.63). The germination rate of pepper was restrained when the concentration of irradiated chitosan was less than 100 mg/L. At the condition of 66 kGy irradiation dose and the chitosan concentration of 200 mg/L, the germination rate was increased to 14.29% as compared to the control group.
Both the irradiation dose and concentration of chitosan solution had significant effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in pepper. Enzyme activity gradually increased with the rise of irradiation doses, while the enzyme activity increased firstly and then decreased with the rise of the chitosan concentrations. The activities of SOD, POD and PAL increased by 43.17%, 55.56% and 60.00% than the control group, respectively, under the suitable condition. The mass of pepper fruits had the same tendency as the enzyme  activity. The enzyme  activity and fruit mass increased with the irradiation dose when the concentration of chitosan was less than 100 mg/L. While at the chitosan  concentration of 100 mg/L, no matter what irradiation dose was, the enzyme  activity and average mass of pepper fruit had the maximum values. In conclusion, the results suggest  that: 1) The variation in pepper fruits mass  results from the variation of enzyme  activity in pepper plants caused by irradiated chitosan; 2) Irradiated chitosan can be applied as one of the motivating factor to changing the antioxidant enzymes activity, regulating the defense ability and finally adjusting the pepper growth; 3) High concentration of irradiated chitosan can inhibit the growth and metabolism of pepper fruits, which may contribute to extending the shelf life and quality of pepper.  
出版日期: 2013-09-20
CLC:  S 641.3  
基金资助:

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2013FZA6011);公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费资助项目（201103007）; 浙江省科技厅“核农学产业科技创新团队”资助项目（2010R50033）。
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徐超1
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引用本文:

徐超1， 沈凯2， 邵路亭2， 丁兴成1*. 辐照壳聚糖对辣椒抗性酶及生长的调节作用[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 39(5): 497-503.

XU Chao1, SHEN Kai2, SHAO Luting2, DING Xingcheng1*. Regulatory function of irradiated chitosan to antioxidant enzymes and growth of Capsicum annuum L. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(5): 497-503.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.03.211    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2013/V39/I5/497

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