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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2013, Vol. 39 Issue (5): 489-496    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.03.121
农业科学     
雾培营养液氮钾水平对不同番茄品种果实产量和营养品质的影响
王军君１， 邬小撑2， 丁文雅１， 周元清1， 林咸永１*
（1.浙江大学环境与资源学院，教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室，杭州310058；2.浙江大学农业试验站，杭州310058）
Effects of nitrogen and potassium supply on fruit yield and nutritional quality of aeroponically grown tomato cultivars
WANG Junjun1,  WU Xiaocheng2, DING Wenya1, ZHOU Yuanqing1, LIN Xianyong1*
(1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2. Agricultural Experimental Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)
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摘要： 采用雾培法研究营养液氮（N 2、12、22 mmol/L）、钾（K 4、8 mmol/L）供应水平对2个番茄品种（盆栽红、盆栽黄）果实产量、品质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：番茄果实的直径、座果率、产量、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、类胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素含量以及DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,二苯代苦味酰基)自由基清除率、ABTS)
［2,2′-azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid），2,2′-连氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸］
总抗氧化能力随着供氮水平的提高呈先升高后下降的趋势，均在12 mmol/L供氮水平时达到最高水平；果实可滴定酸和硝酸盐含量随供氮水平提高逐渐增加，而抗坏血酸、类黄酮和总酚含量逐渐降低，在12 mmol/L供氮水平时可维持较高的抗坏血酸、类黄酮和总酚含量以及较低的硝酸盐含量。供钾水平从4 mmol/L提高到8 mmol/L，可在提高果实产量的同时增加可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、抗坏血酸、类黄酮、总酚、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素和类胡萝卜素含量，并显著降低硝酸盐含量。盆栽红的产量、抗氧化物质含量、抗氧化活性显著高于盆栽黄。综上，选择盆栽红为栽培品种，雾培营养液供应12 mmol/L氮和8 mmol/L钾，可获得较高的果实产量、风味品质和抗氧化营养品质，并保持较低的硝酸盐含量。
Abstract: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. This vegetable is rich in minerals and human health-
benefiting  compounds, and thus long-term consumption of tomato fruits facilitates to reduce the incidences of cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer. Therefore, developing strategies to improve the tomato production should have great potential applications and significance in human health. Numerous studies have provided evidences that nutrition management is a key agronomic strategy to improve the yield and nutritional quality of vegetables. Accordingly, previous studies have investigated the effects of application of nitrogen (N) or potassium (K) alone on the yield and the quality of tomato fruits in hydroponics systems. However, the effects of combined application of the above two nutrients still remain largely unknown up to now. Furthermore, conventional hydroponic cultivation often results in oxygen deficiency of roots which would cause anoxia of the roots. Aeroponics is a system of advanced soilless culture technologies. It not only avoids the oxygen deficiency of roots, but also can efficiently meet the nutrient requirement of crops.
The objective of this study was to investigate the   combined effects of N and K on the yield and nutritional quality of tomato fruits in aeroponic cultivation.
Two tomato cultivars, dwarf-red (D-red) and dwarf-yellow (D-yellow), were used three levels of N (2, 12, 22 mmol/L) and two levels of K (4, 8 mmol/L)  were applied to the plants. After about 5-month growth, the tomato fruits were harvested,  and the yield and several nutritional quality indexes including nitrate content, sugar acid content, antioxidant contents and antioxidant activity  were analyzed. The fruiting rate, the size of fruit, the fruit yield, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble solids, carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene, the DPPH radical scavenging rates and the ABTS value (both hydro- and lipo-antioxidant activity) of fruits were all increased when the N level was increased from 2 mmol/L to 12 mmol/L, but all of these were tended to decrease when the N level were further increased to 22 mmol/L. The titratable acidity and the nitrate content   were both increased along with the increase of N level. In contrast, the contents of ascorbic acid, flavonoids and total phenolic were declined along with the increase of N level. In addition, increasing the K level from 4 mmol/L to 8 mmol/L could also increase the fruit yield, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, total phenolic, carotenoids, β-carotene and lycopene of fruit, but decrease the nitrate content. In all N and K combination treatments, the D-red cultivar showed greater fruit yield, higher contents of antioxidant compounds, and stronger antioxidant activity than the D-yellow cultivar. In conclusion, 12 mmol/L N and 8 mmol/L K might be suitable for tomato cultivation in aeroponic system, which not only increased the fruit yield, but also improved the nutrition quality. The D-red should be a better cultivar for aeroponic cultivation compared with the D-yellow.  
出版日期: 2013-09-20
CLC:  S 641.2  
基金资助:

国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）资助项目(SS2013AA101007)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(30971859); 浙江省科技厅重大专项资助项目(2010E70002)；国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目；浙江省大学生科技创新项目计划(2012R401121)。
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王军君１
邬小撑2
丁文雅１
周元清1
林咸永１*

引用本文:

王军君１， 邬小撑2， 丁文雅１， 周元清1， 林咸永１*. 雾培营养液氮钾水平对不同番茄品种果实产量和营养品质的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 39(5): 489-496.

WANG Junjun1, WU Xiaocheng2, DING Wenya1, ZHOU Yuanqing1, LIN Xianyong1*. Effects of nitrogen and potassium supply on fruit yield and nutritional quality of aeroponically grown tomato cultivars. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(5): 489-496.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2013.03.121    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2013/V39/I5/489

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