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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2013, Vol. 39 Issue (4): 444-451    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.07.301
资源与环境科学     
水生植物-滤食性动物用于水产养殖废水净化的研究
邹俊良， 杨京平*， 杨虎
(浙江大学环境与资源学院环境保护研究所，杭州 310058)
Purification and removal of N and P from aquaculture wastewater using hydrophytes and filter feeder creatures
ZOU Junliang, YANG Jingping*, YANG Hu
(Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)
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摘要： 为了解水生植物、滤食性动物单独或联合作用对水产养殖废水的净化效果，选取水生植物金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum)和滤食性动物螺蛳(Bellamya aeruginosa)，通过金鱼藻、狐尾藻、螺蛳、金鱼藻+狐尾藻、金鱼藻+螺蛳、狐尾藻+螺蛳、金鱼藻+狐尾藻+螺蛳7种不同的组合方式，研究在静水条件下不同处理对水产养殖废水氮磷的净化，尤其是对养殖具有毒害效应的氨氮、亚硝态氮的去除效果.结果表明：30 d后各处理都能使氨氮及亚硝态氮下降到0.5和0.1 mg/L以下，去除率达到90%以上，其中金鱼藻处理比其余各处理能更快地减少水体中氨氮及亚硝态氮含量，且能使氨氮及亚硝态氮去除率在18 d内达到96.37%和97.85%；各处理都能在一定程度上去除水体中的总氮（total nitrogen, TN）和总磷（total phosphorus, TP），去除率在30 d后分别达到14.93%~20.92%和11.95%~17.92%，其中以狐尾藻及狐尾藻+螺蛳处理对TN的去除效果最好，狐尾藻处理对TN的最大去除率在第18天达到26.62%，且狐尾藻能更迅速地去除水体中的TN，仅12 d就能达到24.20%的去除率，狐尾藻+螺蛳处理在第24天达到24.65%；随着时间的延长，组合处理比单一处理更具有优势，金鱼藻+螺蛳处理对TP的去除效果最好，第6天就能去除TP的31.54%，且金鱼藻+螺蛳处理对降低化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD）的效果最好.综上，对于氨氮、亚硝态氮及TP含量高的养殖废水，金鱼藻比狐尾藻和螺蛳的适应性更强.
Abstract: High concentration of ammonia and nitrite in fish/shrimp culture system is harmful to aquatic creatures, and the excess nitrogen and phosphorus discharged into rivers and lakes without treatment will lead to eutrophication of water body. Therefore, using hydrophytes or filter feeders to control effectively these N and P elements from aquaculture system has recently become a key issue for in site wastewater treatment. A simulated experiment was conducted in 2012 to understand the effects of hydrophytes and filter feeders on N and P removal from aquaculture wastewater and purification. Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum verticillatum and Bellamya aeruginosa were selected as experimental materials, and seven different treatments were arranged in the plastic tank for testing the N and P removal ability of these creatures or combination treatments, including C. demersum, M. verticillatum, B. aeruginosa, C. demersum + M. verticillatum, C. demersum + B. aeruginosa, M. verticillatum + B. aeruginosa, C. demersum + M. verticillatum + B. aeruginosa. The effects of purification and removal rate of N and P in aquaculture wastewater by these treatments were investigated in hydrostatic conditions from 7th May, 2012 to 5th June, 2012. Ammonia, nitrite, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured. All data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 20.0. The results showed that more than 90% of ammonia and nitrite contents were removed and the final concentrations were decreased to less than 0.5 and 0.1 mg/L respectively after 30 days in all treatments. C. demersum gave better reduction of ammonia and nitrite than the rest of the groups, which removed 96.37% and 97.85% of ammonia and nitrite in less than 18 days, respectively. The all seven treatments removed 14.93%20.92% of TN and 11.95%17.92% of TP in the aquaculture wastewater after 30 days. Among these treatments, M. verticillatum and M. verticillatum + B. aeruginosa showed best performance on the TN removal rate by 26.62% at day 18 and 24.65% at day 24, respectively. M. verticillatum absorbed and removed TN in wastewater more quickly than the others, giving a removal efficiency of 24.20% in only 12 days. With the experimental time prolonging, the combination treatments showed an obvious advantage compared with using single material. C. demersum + B. aeruginosa indicated the best efficiency on the TP removal with the highest removal efficiency of 31.54% after 6 days of treatment. Comparing C. demersum with M. verticillatum treatment, the former showed better efficiency in improving DO and decreasing COD values. The C. demersum + B. aeruginosa treatment showed the best removal efficiency of COD. In conclusion, for the aquaculture wastewater with high ammonia, nitrite and phosphorus concentrations, C. demersum is more effective than M. verticillatum and B. aeruginosa in purifying the wastewater, and the variety of combinations provide better performance during a long period.
出版日期: 2013-07-20
CLC:  X 52  
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邹俊良
杨京平*
杨虎

引用本文:

邹俊良， 杨京平*， 杨虎. 水生植物-滤食性动物用于水产养殖废水净化的研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 39(4): 444-451.

ZOU Junliang, YANG Jingping*, YANG Hu. Purification and removal of N and P from aquaculture wastewater using hydrophytes and filter feeder creatures. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(4): 444-451.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.07.301    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2013/V39/I4/444

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