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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2013, Vol. 39 Issue (4): 421-427    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.12.211?
农业科学     
坡位对猕猴桃园土壤动物群落结构的影响
肖玖金1,2, 黄晓丽1, 卢昌泰1, 郑家东1, 张健2*, 杨万勤2
(1.四川农业大学都江堰校区，四川 都江堰 611830；2.四川农业大学生态林业研究所，四川 温江 611130)
Community structure of soil fauna in kiwifruit plantation at different slope locations
XIAO Jiujin1,2, HUANG Xiaoli1, LU Changtai1, ZHENG Jiadong1, ZHANG Jian2*, YANG Wanqin2
(1. Dujiangyan Campus, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan, Sichuan 611830, China; 2. Institute of Ecological Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, China)
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摘要： 为了解坡位对猕猴桃园土壤动物群落结构的影响，采用手捡法和干湿漏斗法对四川省都江堰猕猴桃种植园土壤动物群落进行调查.结果显示：在猕猴桃园不同坡位共获土壤动物2 077只，分属13纲29目，坡上部以线虫纲和线蚓科为优势类群，坡中部以蜱螨目、线虫纲和线蚓科为优势类群，坡下部以弹尾目、蜱螨目和线虫纲为优势类群；除5～10 cm土层外，其余各层土壤动物剖面分布均以坡上部最大，坡中部次之，坡下部最小，其中，草本层和0～5 cm土层的干生土壤动物密度以坡上部高于坡中部和坡下部，5～10 cm和10～15 cm土层土壤动物密度均以坡上部显著高于坡中部和坡下部，0～5 cm和10～15 cm土层湿生土壤动物密度以坡上部显著高于坡中部和坡下部，5～10 cm土层则以坡中部显著高于坡上部和坡下部，且均有统计学意义（P坡中部>坡上部，即土壤动物多样性指标随着坡位的下降而逐渐上升，而优势度指数（C）表现为坡上部=坡中部>坡下部.表明不同坡位对猕猴桃园土壤动物群落多样性和分布产生了一定的影响.
Abstract: Soil fauna is an important component of soil ecosystems, which plays a significant role in the decomposition of biological remains, soil properties and the enhancement of material recycling and energy conversion in soils. Slope locations are one of the important topographical factors in mountain environments, which play an important role in driving the reallocation of water and light, and have a significant effecton plant growth, soil moisture, microbes as well as soil fauna. However, how do the slope locations affect soil fauna community is still unknown. Hence, this study focuses on the effects of slope location on the community structure of soil fauna in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) plantation which was planted with the density of 2 500 indiv./hm2 in 2000. Soil fauna at three different slope locations (upper slope, middle slope and lower slope) with four soil layers (herb, 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm) in the kiwifruit plantation were studied. Macrofauna samples (n=3) were picked up by hand in each sampled slope with the area of 50 cm×50 cm (0.25 m2). After recording the types of soil fauna, the samples were put into a container with alcohol and were transported to laboratory for detailed classification to family level. Mesofauna samples were collected by steel core (r=5 cm, v=100 cm3) and were stored in soil fauna sealing black bags, then, the collected samples were transported to laboratory within 12 h and were subsequently separated by Tullgren (n=3) and Baermann (n=3) methods over a period of 48 h, respectively. Microscopy for mesofauna was with an interval of 4 h in order to prevent autolysis of Enchytraeidae, then was prolonged. All collected soil faunae were calculated and classified by microscope, and were identified to the order level following Pictorial Keys to Soil Animals of China. The results showed that a total of 2 077 individuals of soil fauna, belonging to five phyla, 13 classes and 29 orders, were collected. The highest density of total species was in upper slope and lowest density was in lower slope. The dominant communities in upper slope were Nematoda and Enchytraeidae, accounting for 22.1% and 56.3% of the individuals, respectively. Acarina, Nematoda and Enchytraeidae were the dominant groups in middle slope, accounting for 12.2%, 14.2% and 58.8% of the individuals, respectively. Collembola, Acarina and Nematoda were the dominant groups in lower slope, accounting for 23.7%, 18.6% and 35.5% of the individuals, respectively. The order of soil fauna density profile distribution was upper > middle > lower, except 510 cm layer. The densities of soil fauna in herb and 05 cm layer collected by Tullgren method were significantly higher in upper slope than in middle and lower slope (P<0.05), and the densities of soil fauna in 510 cm and 1015 cm layer collected by Baermann method were significantly higher in upper slope than in middle and lower slope (P<0.05). Omnivorous soil fauna had the largest individual number compared with other guild compositions, and the total ratios of omnivorous and saprozoic soil faunae in upper slope, middle slope and lower slope were 68.72%, 76.81% and 81.1%, respectively. ShannonWiener index and Pielou index were higher in lower slope than in upper and middle slopes，but Simpson index was lower in lower slope than in upper and middle slopes. In sum, the guild compositions, densities of profile distribution, group numbers and diversity indexes of soil fauna in the kiwifruit plantation have significant responses to slope locations with the highest soil temperature in upper slope and soil water content in lower slope.
出版日期: 2013-07-20
CLC:  S 154.5  
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肖玖金1
2
黄晓丽1
卢昌泰1
郑家东1
张健2*
杨万勤2

引用本文:

肖玖金1,2, 黄晓丽1, 卢昌泰1, 郑家东1, 张健2*, 杨万勤2. 坡位对猕猴桃园土壤动物群落结构的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2013, 39(4): 421-427.

XIAO Jiujin1,2, HUANG Xiaoli1, LU Changtai1, ZHENG Jiadong1, ZHANG Jian2*, YANG Wanqin2. Community structure of soil fauna in kiwifruit plantation at different slope locations. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2013, 39(4): 421-427.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2012.12.211?    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2013/V39/I4/421

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