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Food Qual Safet
Food Qual Safet  2019, Vol. 3 Issue (4): 279-287    DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyz028
Research Articles     
评估六种哺乳动物的骨炭粉尘控制四纹豆象对豇豆种子的侵染：骨炭粉是否会影响其种子活力
Assessment of bone charcoal dusts of six species of mammal for the postharvest control of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestations of cowpea seeds: can the charcoal dust affect seed viability in laboratory and in field?
Luke Chinaru Nwosu
Department of Crop and Soil Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
 全文: PDF 
摘要： 目的： 在实验室环境温度30±3°C及湿度70±5％下，研究了某些哺乳动物的骨炭粉控制主要害虫对所储存的豇豆种子侵染的可能性以及对种子生存力的影响。
材料和方法：使用标准的昆虫学和农艺技术。
结果：结果表明，储存中的侵染豇豆种子在1.0％w / w剂量下，Ovis aries和Bos taurus的骨炭粉在杀死成年四纹豆象方面比氯菊酯标准杀虫剂更有效。Bos taurus（1.0％w / w）的效果比氯菊酯快。在骨炭粉为1.5％w / w的情况下，研究中的哺乳动物骨炭粉都极大地阻止了雌性四纹豆象产卵，而只有O.aries和Sus scrofa的骨炭粉尘在抑制成年繁殖和种子损坏方面与苄氯菊酯相当。在降低幼虫密度方面，Sus scrofa仅与氯菊酯相当。O. aries 和 S. scrofa的骨炭粉需要进行化学和嗅觉分析，以了解它们是否会对昆虫造成刺激并破坏昆虫的昼夜节律，从而影响行为和繁殖活动。六种哺乳动物骨炭粉的最高测试剂量为1.5％ w / w时可在实验室和田野中实现较高的种子生存力。
结论：该研究建议以1.5％w / w的剂量使用O. aries 和 S. scrofa的骨炭粉，以寻求管理者防止四纹豆象昆虫侵袭储存的豇豆种子。骨炭粉中骨骼成分对昆虫表皮脂质层的磨损以及与燃烧有关的毒性因子是哺乳动物骨炭粉尘的杀虫活性的原因。
关键词： 骨炭粉;  哺乳动物;  贮藏的豇豆;  种子活力;  四纹豆象    
Abstract: Objectives
The possibility that bone charcoal dusts of some species of mammal will control the major insect pest of stored cowpea seeds and the implications on seed viability (after pest control process) were investigated in the laboratory at ambient temperature (30 ± 3°C) and relative humidity (70 ± 5%) and in field.

Materials and Methods
Standard entomological and agronomical techniques were used.

Results
The results showed that at 1.0% w/w dosage, the bone charcoal dusts of Ovis aries and Bos taurus were more effective than permethrin standard insecticide in killing adult Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. infesting cowpea seeds in storage. Bos taurus had a faster action speed than permethrin at 1.0% w/w. At 1.5% w/w of dust, all the species of mammal investigated deterred oviposition considerably in C. maculatus females, whereas only the bone charcoal dusts of O. aries and Sus scrofa were comparable with permethrin in suppressing adult emergence and seed damage; S. scrofa only was comparable with permethrin in reducing larval density. Bone charcoal dusts of O. aries and S. scrofa require chemical and olfactory analyses to know if they might have caused irritation to the insects and disrupted insect circadian rhythm, affecting behaviour and mating activities, adversely. The bone charcoal dusts of the six species of mammal at a highest test dose of 1.5% w/w allowed high seed viability in both laboratory and field.

Conclusion
The study recommends the use of bone charcoal dusts of O. aries and S. scrofa at economical- and quality-favourable dose 1.5% w/w for managers seeking to control C. maculatus insect attacking cowpea seeds in storage. The transitive components of the bones, abrasion of the insect epicuticle lipid layer by the charcoal dust, and combustion-related toxic factors were responsible for the insecticidal activities of the bone charcoal dusts of the mammals.
Key words: bone charcoal dust    mammal    stored cowpea    seed viability    Callosobruchus maculatus
收稿日期: 2019-09-16 出版日期: 2020-03-02
通讯作者: Luke Chinaru Nwosu     E-mail: luke2007ambition@yahoo.com
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引用本文:

Luke Chinaru Nwosu. Assessment of bone charcoal dusts of six species of mammal for the postharvest control of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestations of cowpea seeds: can the charcoal dust affect seed viability in laboratory and in field?. Food Qual Safet, 2019, 3(4): 279-287.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/10.1093/fqsafe/fyz028    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/Y2019/V3/I4/279

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