To explore the binding site of toxic protein from Arthrinium phaeospermum on plasmalemma of hybrid bamboo and the binding activities of different hybrid bamboo varieties, based on the separation and purification of toxic protein by a lowpressure chromatography, the specific antiserum against the toxin was prepared by injecting the New Zealand white rabbit with the purified toxin. The results showed that the symptom was alleviated to different degree when the toxin absorbed by different concentration antibodies was inoculated the hybrid bamboo, illuminating that the prepared antibody not only immunologically reacted with the toxin, but also partly blocked some sites of toxin molecular which could recognize the binding sites on the hybrid bamboo cells. The binding activity of plasmalemma preparation of tender branches with toxic protein was determined by a competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that the immunological reaction of the toxin and the antibody could be inhibited by the plasmalemma preparation, which hinted that the plasmalemma preparation contained the binding sites of the toxin. But the binding activities of different varieties had different. After treated by trypsin or heating, the plasmalemma preparation could not inhibit the immunological reaction of the toxin and the antibody, verifying that the protein in the plasmalemma preparation was responsible for binding with the toxin.

The nucleotide sequence and singlestrand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) in exon 11 of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) gene were studied in Hu sheep (sexual precocity and high prolificacy breeds), Jinzhong sheep and Lingchuan semifine wool sheep (delayed puberty and low prolificacy breeds), as well as the effect of the gene polymorphism on the sexual precocity and prolificacy in Hu sheep. Results showed that products amplified by primer P2 and P6 had polymorphisms. Only two genotypes (LL and LM) were found for primer P2, and six SSCP types and three mutations (T2053A, A2044T and G2003A) were detected for primer P6. There were no significant difference in genotype distribution between Hu sheep and Jinzhong sheep but extremely significant differences between Lingchuan semifine wool sheep and the other two breeds for primer P2. The distribution of SSCP types and genotypes in three mutation sites (2053, 2044 and 2003) was no significant differences between Hu sheep and Jinzhong sheep but significant difference between Lingchuan semifine wool sheep and the other two for primer P6. The allele frequencies of mutation sites, except P2 and 2003 mutation site of P6 in Lingchuan semifine wool sheep, were accordant with HardyWeinberg law. Considering that litter sizes among all kinds of genotypes in Hu sheep had no significant difference, it could be preliminarily concluded that exon 11 of LHR had no significant influence on its sexual precocity and prolificacy.

By PCR and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) technique, a new serine protease gene was obtained from Mucor racemosus. The gene sequence, the putative protease sequence, characteristics and structure were predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics method. The results proved that the length of gene coding region was 1421 bp, which contained 3 exons and 2 introns, and this gene encoded a peptide chain with 429 amino acids. The property and evolutionary relationship of the peptide chain were predicted. As a result, the mature peptide was a kind of secreted protease, which belonged to proteinase K family. Structural models of the protease were modeled by the homology modeling technique. The results showed that it had no disulfide bridge, contained 152 hydrogen bonds, 29 salt bonds, and the residues Glu190, Ala192 and Asp215 binding with a calcium ion. Solvent accessible surface of Asp44 and Ser241, which were active site residues, were very high, and respectively reached to 0.2114 2 and 3.3093 2. For substrate binding regions, S1 and S4 were distinct and large pockets, and S2 was less distinct and smaller, and S3 was not distinct. Some residues forming S1 and S4 were not very conservative, so the change of residues propably resulted in special hydrolysis of the protease. Results above provide a further basis for studying the expression of transgenes and relationship between structure and function for the serine protease.

In order to provide some references for studying the bodycolor diversity, immune defence and variety selection of Tenebrio molitor, the phenoloxidase (including monophenol oxidase and diphenol oxidase) isozyme zymograms and activity at different developmental stages of the yellow and blackcolor varieties of T. molitor were compared using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. The results showed that, during their developmental stages, six monophenol oxidase (MPO) bands and five diphenol oxidase (DPO) bands with different mobility were found, in which the MPO bands were distributed in three zones, while the DPO bands were in two zones. Meanwhile, the eggs of the blackcolor variety showed one more distinctive MPO bands compared with those of the yellowcolor variety. Moreover, the MPO and DPO activities of blackcolor variety eggs, larvae and adults were significantly higher than those of the yellowcolor ones. But at the pupal stage, the MPO activity of the yellowcolor variety was higher than that of the blackcolor one, while the DPO activity was opposite. Distinctive variations were shown in the band numbers, migration rate of enzyme bands and strength of enzymatic activity of MPO and DPO at different developmental stages of both color varieties. Compared with other developmental stages, there was one MPO and one DPO characteristic enzyme band at egg stage of both color varieties, but only one typical DPO band at larval stage. Meanwhile, there was different change on the zymograms and the activities of MPO and DPO of both color varieties at different developmental stages. From the egg to adult stage of both color varieties, the MPO activity changed in the descending order of egg stage ＞ pupal stage ＞ adult stage ＞ larval stage, while the DPO activity varied in the descending order of larval stage ＞ adult stage ＞ pupal stage ＞ egg stage. The results above lay a theoretical foundation for further research on the bodycolor diversity, immune defence and variety selection of T. molitor.

To detect the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor （GnRHR） mRNA expression pattern in sheep’s digestive system, the SYBR green realtime fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RTPCR）method was established With this method, the GnRHR mRNA expression in stomach and intestinum system of Hu sheep was detected The results showed that GnRHR mRNA expressions were detected in rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasums, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum The GnRHR mRNA expression in rumen was significantly higher than those in other tissues （P<001）; the expression in reticulum was significantly higher than that in duodenum （P<001） and higher than those in omasum, caecum and rectum （P<005）; the expression in abomasums was significantly higher than those in omasum, jejunum, ileum and caecum （P<001）, and higher than those in colon, rectum （P<005）; the expression in colon was higher than those in duodenum and rectum （P<005） It is demonstrated that there are GnRHR mRNA expressions in the digestive system of Hu sheep It provides new evidences for the research field of GnRH functional diversity

Based on ten microsatellite loci, the three methods of principal coordinate analysis, Bayesian cluster analysis and genetic assignment techniques were used to detect genetic differentiation of the four domesticated populations (Xingguo red common carp, glass red common carp, purse red common carp and jian common carp) and two wild populations (distributed in two different sections of Yangtze River: Jianli in Hubei and Yangzhou in Jiangsu) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The principal coordinate analysis demonstrated that there was obvious genetic differentiation between domesticated and wild common carps, especially between purse red common carp and wild common carp that accounted for 4823％ of total variation according to the first and second principal components. The Bayesian cluster analysis showed four major genetic clusters among six populations, in which xingguo red common carp and the two wild common carp populations consisted of one cluster, and glass red common carp, purse red common carp and jian common carp consisted of one cluster, respectively. The Bayesian genetic assignment technique displayed high selfassignment accuracy for each population (81％100％), especially for glass red common carp and purse red common carp (100％ for each). The present study indicated that there were obvious genetic differentiations between the domesticated and wild common carps, and wild populations had been influenced by the domesticated strains. As a result, the three methods can effectively detect genetic differentiation not only among domesticated populations, but also between domesticated and wild common carps.

The aim was to understand the physiological responses of chilling stress and regrowth treatment on three Dendrobium candidum new varieties (‘ZD-1’, ‘ZD-2’, ‘ZD-3’). The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in the leaves were determined at a range of different temperatures 5, 0, -2 ℃ for 6, 12, 18 h and in recovery growth for 5 and 10 days, respectively. The results showed that the APX activity, MDA and proline contents in the leaves of three new varieties were enhanced along with the increase of low temperature stress and the time prolongation except for -2 ℃/12 h and 18 h. Based on the measured indices of tenday recoveries, it was demonstrated that ‘ZD-3’ plants had a strong and positive response to chilling stress, and could shortly recover from the 0 ℃ treatments. Compared with the CK, the three indices of ‘ZD-2’ plants showed no significant differences after recovering from the 0 ℃ treatments during tendays except for 0 ℃/18 h treatment. The variety ‘ZD-1’ had a poor response, and had a serious damage among the three varieties. It is concluded that under chilling stress, the significant changes in APX activity can be used as an efficient and robust index of chilling resistance in D. candidum. As MDA and proline contents also responded to chilling stress by bringing certain regularity changes, they can also be used as one of the two auxiliary identification indices of chilling resistance. It was obtained that chilling resistance of three new varieties was decreased in the order of ZD-3, ZD-2 and ZD-1.

The anthocyanin contents of petal of Tianpeng tree peony cv.‘Danjinghong NO.2’ were studied at different growth stages and under different light intensities with transmittance of 100％, 75％, 50％. The relationships between the anthocyanin contents and other physiological indexes, such as soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), were also discussed. The results showed that dynamic changes of anthocyanin contents at different growth stages had different tendency under different light intensities, and anthocyanin content was decreased with the decreasing of light intensity at the same growth stage. The anthocyanin content was positive correlation with soluble sugar content at preliminarily blooming stage (r = 0992), and negative correlation with that at full blooming stage (r = -0972). The anthocyanin content was also positive correlation with soluble protein content at preliminarily blooming stage (r = 0854) and the senescence stage (r = 0833). The activity of PAL showed strong positive correlation with the anthocyanin content at preliminarily blooming stage (r = 0974) and full blooming stage (r = 0907), while the activity of PPO showed strong negative correlation with the anthocyanin content at full blooming stage (r = -0.996) and the senescence stage (r = -0868). It is concluded that complementary illumination is necessary for Tianpeng tree peony in the period of culture, and the changes in soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, PAL and PPO activities under different light intensities are directly responsible for different anthocyanin contents affecting the petal color of Tianpeng tree peony.

LI-6400/XT photosynthesis system was used to measure leaf photosynthetic characteristics of two Corylus heterophylla germplasms (PZ1 and PZ2) and three Corylus heterophylla ×Corylus avellana hybrid hazelnut cultivars (PDH, DW and YZ). The results showed that light saturation points of five hazelnut germplasms were from 680 to 930 μmol·m-2·s-1, and their light compensation points were less than 50 μmol·m-2·s-1. Their maximum net photosynthetic rates were from 8 to 17 μmol·m-2·s-1, and their apparent quantum efficiencies were from 003 to 004. There were two peaks in photosynthesis changing curves of five hazelnut germplasms, and the peak values occurred at 8:00 and 17:00 o’clock, indicating that it was suitable for hazelnut to culture in weak illumination environment. There were differences in photosynthetic capability for the five hazelnut germplasms with the order as follows: PDH > DW > PZ1 > YZ > PZ2. CO2 compensation point, CO2 saturation points, maximum RuBP regeneration rates and carboxylation efficiency of five hazelnut germplasms were from 45 to 70 μmol·m-2·s-1, 880 to 1 350 μmol·m-2·s-1, 13 to 34 μmol·m-2·s-1 and from 0.03 to 0.05, respectively. The results above provide scientific base for hazelnut culture in Northeast China region.

The composition and diversity characters of the vascular plant species were investigated and identified in Sanyang wetland of Wenzhou, Zhejiang. The ecohealth of Sanyang wetland was assessed by comparing with Xixi wetland in Hangzhou and Jinghu wetland in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Result showed that: 1) there were 259 kinds of vascular plants in Wenzhou Sanyang wetland, belonging to 187 genera and 73 families; 2) there were 66 wetland specialist species, including 2 submerged species, 3 fluitante species, 3 floatingleaves rooted species, 25 emerged species and 33 hygrophyte species; 3）there were 4 species included in state protected plant list, 1 species of suggesting to be protected and 28 exotic invasive plant species; 4）comparing with Xixi wetland and Jinghu wetland, the ratio of the aquatic species, especially submersed plants relative to total plant species, the species richness and the number of the state protected species of this wetland were low, while the number of the exotic invasive plant species were relatively high, which showed that the ecohealth of Sanyang wetland was worst; 5）the results above indicated that the habitat for subsistence of wetland plant species in Sanyang wetland was destroyed by serious water pollution, and the ecological system was fragile, which needed to be protected and repaired.

In order to understand the status and changing trend of soil fertility of stagnic anthrosols in Zhejiang Province, soil organic matter, pH, total N, available P and available K of stagnic anthrosols covering all 11 districts of Zhejiang Province were investaged. The results showed that soil organic matter and total N of the stagnic anthrosols in Zhejiang Province were mainly classified as medium level, mostly ranging from 20 to 40 g·kg-1 for organic matter, and 1 to 2 g·kg-1 for total N. pH values varied greatly from 3.02 to 9.80, and difference of pH values between the highest and the lowest reached 6.78 Most of the stagnic anthrosols were acidic soils. As compared with those obtained at 1980s, mean soil organic matter and total N declined by 6.37% and 6.32%, respectively. Stagnic anthrosols in Zhejiang Province had been significantly acidified in the past 30 years, and the proportion of soils with pH < 5.5 increased and that of soils with pH 5.5-7.5 decreased than those obtained at 1980s. Mean soil available P was about 45 times of that obtained at 1980s. However, there was a high proportion of the soils with low level of available P. Soil available K was mainly classified as low to medium levels. The mean available K was higher than that obtained at 1980s. Changes in fertilization structure and transformation of landuse from rice cultivation to upland were thought as main causes of the changes in soil fertility of the stagnic anthrosols.

A twoyear pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation patterns and nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on N leaching in paddy soils in a ricewheat rotation cropping system. The experiment was designed with four levels of N fertilizer rates of N0, N1, N2, and N3 (0, 126, 157.5, and 210 kg·hm-2, respectively) in two irrigation patterns (FW: flooding water to a depth of 3 cm above soil surface and CW: keeping soil moisture but not ponding at soil surface). The rice variety II You 838 and alluvial soils from Hubei Province were used in this experiment. The results showed that the concentration of total N (TN) in percolation water decreased gradually during the rice growing season, and the risk of N leaching loss mainly appeared on the 40th day after transplanting. NO3--N and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) were the major forms of N in soil percolation water, while NH4+-N had a lower proportion compared with NO3--N and SON. The concentration of NO3--N reached the highest level during the 20th day to 30th day after transplanting, and the concentrations of NO3--N in soil percolation water increased as the N level increased during this period. Compared to N3 (local recommendation dosage), the N2 treatment (75% of N3) under both irrigation patterns significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and decreased leaching loss of N.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar zinc (Zn) fertilization at the late developmental stage on rice growth and yields under different cadmium (Cd) levels, as well as the influence on metal contents such as Zn, Cd, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in different plant parts. And the correlations of these elements in rice grains were also analyzed. The results showed that with elevated soil Cd, rice growth was inhibited. The fresh mass of rice plants was decreased by 14.0% and 15.9%, respectively, when 2.5 or 5 mg·kg-1 Cd was added to the soil; accordingly, the dry mass was decreased by 5.3% and 7.6%, respectively; the yield also was decreased by 27.9% and 48.4%, respectively; in brown rice, the Cd content was 0.35 and 0.65 mg·kg-1, respectively, which exceeded the food safety standard (0.2 mg·kg-1 Cd) There were not obvious effects of foliar Zn application on rice growth and yield. However, Zinc contents in all plant parts increased with foliar Zn application under all Cd levels. Cadmium content in brown rice increased by 41.9% with foliar Zn application at 2.5 mg·kg-1 Cd level, while, it was decreased by 154% at 5 mg·kg-1 Cd level Further analysis revealed that Cd was significantly correlated with Cu, Mn and Mg, but not correlated with Zn in brown rice.

The effects of autotoxicity on germination rate, sucrose metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in hypocotyls of two asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedialis L. Verdc.) cultivars, different in autotoxicity resistance, were investigated. The liquid of decomposed asparagus bean stubs was employed to simulate the autotoxicity in asparagus bean. The results showed that, compared with susceptible cultivar, resistant cultivar maintained relatively higher germination rate and activities of vacuolar invertase (VIN), cytoplasmic invertase (CIN), and sucrose synthase (SUS) under autotoxicity stress. At the same time, resistant cultivar also had relatively higher content of sucrose and hexose, and hexose/sucrose ratio than susceptible cultivar. Meanwhile, the resistant cultivar showed higher catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and consequently lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than the susceptible cultivar under autotoxicity stress. Therefore, it is suggested that sucrose metabolism and antioxidant enzymes may play important roles in autotoxicity resistance of asparagus bean.

Compared with longbranch pruning of apple tree in Weibei Plateau of Shaanxi Province, the effects of renewal pruning on soil moisture in 0500 cm soil depths and the growth of apple tree at final full productive stage were determined. The results showed that soil moisture in 0.240 cm depths was significantly increased by renewal pruning, and soil moisture below 240 cm soil layer had not significant difference between renewal pruning and longbranch one from sprout stage to defoliation stage. The peak of soil evapotranspiration intensity by renewal pruning was higher and delayed 30 d than that by longbranch one, but the average intensity had not significant difference between renewal pruning and longbranch one during the growth period of apple tree. Renewal pruning reduced significantly the total number of branches per tree in next year, the proportion of short and foliage branches, and increased significantly the proportion of long, medium branches. Meanwhile, renewal pruning increased significantly fruit yields and fruit mass, improved significantly orchard economic value and water output ratio, but had not significant difference in water consumption compared with longbranch pruning. As a result, renewal pruning improve soil moisture and promote growth of apple tree, which is an appropriate pruning method for apple tree at final full productive stage in Weibei Plateau of Shaanxi Province.

To investigate the effects of soybean isoflavones (SI) on growth performance, reproductive organ development, testis and epididymis biochemical indices of male Xiang pigs, 50 healthy male pigs aged 28 d were selected and divided at random into five groups (10 pigs per group). The pigs in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were fed basal diet with 0, 125, 250, 500 mg·kg-1 SI respectively, while the pigs in group 5 fed basal diet with 0.5 mg·kg-1 diethylstilbestrol for 60 d. Five pigs of each group were slaughtered at the end of the feeding period to determine the mass of reproductive organs, and to analyze several biochemical indices in testis and epididymis of the pigs. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance among the different treatments. However, the relative testis mass of the pigs in group 3 was greater (P < 0.05) than that in group 1 and the relative prostate mass and seminal vesicle one of the pigs in group 3 were less (P < 0.05) than those in group 1. By contrast, the relative testis mass and epididymis one were less (P < 005) than those in group 1. Moreover, the testis' αglucosidase concentration of all treatments, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration in testis and the carnitine and αglucosidase in epididymis of the pigs in group 4 were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those in group 1 But the gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) concentrations in epididymis of the pigs in group 2 and 3 were less (P < 0.05), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in testis of the pigs in group 3 was higher (P < 0.05) than those in group 1. Compared with the positive control, 500 mg·kg-1 SI in diet could improve the GGT concentration (P < 0.01) and the LDH concentration (P < 0.05) of the testis; but 250 mg·kg-1 SI had adverse effect on the GGT concentration of the epididymis (P < 0.01), and 125 mg·kg-1 SI could decrease the carnitine, α-glucosidase, GGT concentration (P < 0.01) and fructose concentration (P < 0.05). The MDA concentration was higher in testis (P < 0.05) of the pigs in group 3 than that in group 5. In conclusion, different levels of SI supplemented in the diet of male Xiang pigs can cause different effects on reproductive organs. The level of SI that cause adverse effect on male reproductive organs may be in the range of 250-500 mg·kg-1.

In order to reduce the pollution of fungus dregs and conserve the use of raw materials, formulas containing fungus dregs ranging from 0% to 80% were added to cultivate Tricholoma lobayense Heim, and the growth rate, pollution ratio, biological conversion rate and some important nutritional factors (e.g. reducing sugar, total sugar, crude protein, crude fat and fiber) were monitored and measured. The results indicated that biological conversion rate of formulas 1-4 (containing 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of fungus dregs respectively) were all above 90% and hence suitable for further application. The reducing sugar, crude protein and ash contents of T. lobayense were increased, and the crude fiber content was decreased with the addition of fungus dregs, however, the total sugar, crude fat and water contents were not affected. Among all the formulas, formula 4 (containing 40% fungus dregs) yielded the highest growth rate of 0.280 cm·d-1 and biological conversion rate of 97.85%, and with zero contamination. In conclusion, fungus dregs can be used in the cultivation of T. lobayense, and can effectively improve its yield and quality.

A principal component vector F1 was obtained by principal component analysis for three quality evaluation indexes including glucosinolate degradation rate, crude protein content and peptide recovery ratio in rapeseed meal fermentation, then based on the response surface analysis of F1, the technological parameters were optimized in the solidstate fermentation process of rapeseed meal by Bacillus subtilis BS-12. The results showed that the optimal condition for solidstate fermentation of rapeseed meal was as follows: inoculum size 4.％, fermentation temperature 30. ℃, moisture content 49.％, and fermentation time 47. h. Under the optimal condition, the glucosinolate degradation rate, crude protein content and peptide recovery rate of rapeseed meal were 60.9％, 40.3％ and 15.1％, respectively. The results were not significantly different from those under the conditions optimized only using response surface method. In conclusion, the application of principal component analysis combined with response surface method was effective in the optimization of solidfermentation of rapeseed meal.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of corn gluten meal (CGM) as a dietary protein for Carassius auratus gibelio. Four kinds of isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0% (control), 4%, 8% and 12% of corn gluten meal (CGM), replacing 0%, 33.3%, 66.7% and 100% of fish meal respectively. The fish with initial average body mass of (13.8±1.7) g were fed in a recirculation aquaculture system indoors for 60 days. The growth, serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) contents of C. auratus gibelio were determined. The results showed that feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control and 8% CGM groups were significantly higher than that of 4% and 12% CGM groups (P < 0.05). CGM did not significantly affect on growth of allogynogenetic silver crucian carp. CGM did not significantly affect T3 content in serum from 30th to 60th day, but T3 content of the control group was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.0) in 15th day. During the first 30 days in the experiment, T4 content in serum of the control group was significantly higher than that of 12% CGM group, but had no significant difference compared with 4% and 8% CGM groups. There were no significant effects on T4 contents among each group in 60th day. At the end of the feeding test, the growth and T3, T4 contents in serum of C. auratus gibelio among four groups had same trends. All the results indicate that the appropriate dosage of CGM is 4%-8%, replacing 33.33%-66.67% of fish meal of the diets in this experiment.

In order to research the moisture adsorption and retention capacity of enzymatic hydrolysates from royal jelly under different humidity conditions, the royal jelly proteins were hydrolyzed by alkali protease, and the moisture adsorption and retention capacity of their hydrolysates were determined under the conditions of 25 ℃, relative humidities of 20%, 50% and 65%, respectively, in comparison with lyophilized royal jelly powder and bone collagen. The results showed that the enzymatic hydrolysates exhibited better performance both in moisture adsorption and retention test than lyophilized royal jelly powder and bone collagen did. The optimum conditions were as follows: substrate concentration of 8%, enzymatic concentration of 1%, temperature of 45 ℃, enzymatic hydrolysis time of 3 h and pH 9.5. It is safe to draw the conclusion that enzymatic hydrolysis will be an efficient method for obtaining ingredients from royal jelly with good moisture adsorption and retention capacity and it has a bright future in exploitation of moisturekeeping or moistureadsorbing cosmetic.

Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) were hydrolyzed with pepsin and trypsin, and the effects of substrate concentration, pH value, enzyme response time and proteinase concentration on the hydrolysis efficiency were analyzed, and the orthogonal test analysis of combined action of pepsin and trypsin were done. The enzymolysis products of MRJPs (HMRJPs) were separated to prepare the angiotensin Iconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides by ultrafiltration technique. The results showed that the optimized technical parameters were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis of MRJPs with 1% pepsin at pH 2.0 for 2 h, then 1% trypsin at pH 7.5 for 2 h at 37 ℃. The degree of hydrolysis and total nitrogen recovery of MRJPs under the optimal condition were 28.7% and 35.5%, respectively. No obvious protein bands were shown for enzymolysis products of MRJPs (HMRJPs) by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE). Three kinds of ACE inhibitory peptides, ranging from <1, 15 and > 5 ku, were separated by ultrafiltration separation of HMRJPs. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the three kinds of ACE inhibitory peptides were 0.33, 0.61, and 1.09 mg·mL-1, respectively, which exhibited that the peptides with molecular mass <1 ku possessed most high ACE inhibitory activity. The results above provide a scientific basis for developing functional food of antihypertension.

Sevage method, TCA-NBA (trichloroacetic acidNbutyl alcohol) method, enzymeSevage method and enzymeTCA-NBA method were used to remove protein from extracellular polysaccharide of Lachnum YM281, respectively. The results showed that the method of enzymeTCA-NBA was the most effective, by which the proteinremoval rate and the polysaccharideloss rate were 51.57% and 3.46%, respectively. Then the uniform design was employed to optimize the conditions of this method. As a result, the optimal conditions of the enzymeTCA-NBA method were as follows: polysaccharide solution of Lachnum YM281 of 20 mL, papain solution of 11 mL, pH 4, zymolysis time of 3.5 h at 42.2 ℃; after removing the denatured protein, TCA-NBA method was used remove protein twice. Under this optimal method and conditions, the proteinremoval rate reached up to 72.3% and the polysaccharideloss rate was only 2.93%．

The effects of intracellular polysaccharide (LIP) and extracellular polysaccharide (LEP) from Lachnum calyculiforme YM-262 on the elimination of nitrite radicals，the inhibition of MDA formation, the protective action of mitochondria, and the antiinflammation were studied. The results indicated that the clearance rates of nitrite could reach 63.21% and 52.43% at 1.2 g·L-1 of LIP and LEP, respectively. LIP and LEP could significantly inhibit the amount of malondialdehyde which was produced by liver homogenate in the selfinduced oxidation and the induced oxidation. The inhibition rate of malondialdehyde were 32.81% and 36.46% at 1.2 g·L-1 of LIP and LEP, respectively In addition, polysaccharides from L. calyculiforme YM-262 could inhibit the oxidative damage made by ·OH and reduce the swelling degree of mitochondrial membrane, and the LIP’s inhibitory rate was higher than the LEP’s- LIP and LEP could significantly inhibit the auricle tumefaction of mice and reduce the mass difference between the right and the left ear, which had certain doseeffect relations The antiinflammatory action could reach 5668% and 51.87% with 400 mg·kg-1 of LIP and LEP, respectively.