Research on aroma components in different grades of Fuding white tea

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.261

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2019, Vol. 45

Issue (6): 715-722 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.261

Food sciences

Research on aroma components in different grades of Fuding white tea

Zhida CHEN¹(

),Xinli WEN¹,Xinghua CHEN²,Xianyu CHEN³,Bo LI¹(

),Youying TU¹(

)

^1.Department of Tea Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
^2.Organization Group of Fuding Tea Industry Development, Fuding 355200, Fujian, China
^3.Fuding Tea Industry Bureau, Fuding 355200, Fujian, China

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Abstract

Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to study the aroma components and differences of 14 white tea samples of different grades in Fuding of Fujian Province. The results showed that 50 kinds of main aroma components were detected, including leaf alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, linalool and its oxides. Using heat map, we found that the aroma components of Baihaoyinzhen (BHYZ) and Baimudan (BMD) were similar, and both of them were rich in alcohols with floral aroma. While Shoumei (SM) contained more aldehydes, ketones, esters and lactones, including ionone, dihydro-actinidiolide and methyl salicylate. Furthermore, the characteristic aroma components in different grades of white tea were screened by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results showed that the characteristic aroma components of BHYZ were phenylethyl alcohol, cis-jasmone, etc. For BMD, they were β-cedarene, β-elemene, etc; and for SM, they were nerylacetone, ionone and other aroma components. The above results provide a scientific method to determine the main aroma substance in different grades of white tea, and to distinguish the grade of white tea according to the main aroma components.

Key words： white tea aroma grade gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Received: 26 February 2019 Published: 20 January 2020

CLC:

S 571.1

Corresponding Authors: Bo LI,Youying TU E-mail: zhidachen@zju.edu.cn;drlib@zju.edu.cn;youytu@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Zhida CHEN,Xinli WEN,Xinghua CHEN,Xianyu CHEN,Bo LI,Youying TU. Research on aroma components in different grades of Fuding white tea. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(6): 715-722.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.261 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2019/V45/I6/715

不同等级福鼎白茶香气成分研究

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对来自福建省福鼎市的14个不同等级白茶样品进行检测，分析其香气成分与差异。结果共检出50种主要香气成分，包括青叶醇、苯甲醛、苯甲醇、芳樟醇及其氧化物等。通过热度图分析，观察到在不同等级白茶中，白毫银针与白牡丹的香气组分较为接近，含有较高的花果香型的醇类物质，而寿眉则含有较高的醛类、酮类、酯类、内酯类成分，包括紫罗兰酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、水杨酸甲酯等。进一步通过偏最小二乘判别分析，筛选出不同等级白茶的特征性香气成分：白毫银针为苯乙醇、顺-茉莉酮等，白牡丹为β-雪松烯、β-榄香烯等，寿眉为橙花基丙酮、紫罗兰酮等。本研究结果为分析不同等级白茶的主要香气物质和通过香气成分识别白茶等级提供了科学的方法。

关键词： 白茶, 香气, 等级, 气相色谱-质谱联用技术

Table 1 Information of the tested white tea samples

Fig. 1 Total ion chromatogram of aroma components in different grades of white teaSM: Shoumei; BMD: Baimudan; BHYZ: Baihaoyinzhen.

香气成分 Aroma components	BHYZ					BMD						SM
香气成分 Aroma components	1-1	2-1	3-1	4-1	5-1	1-2	2-2	3-2	4-2	5-2	6-2	1-3	4-3	6-3
己醛 Hexanal	0.41	0.00	0.00	0.71	0.00	0.00	0.14	0.00	0.45	0.93	0.00	1.78	0.00	0.00
青叶醇 Leaf alcohol	2.29	2.48	1.34	1.65	1.13	1.37	2.00	1.18	0.44	1.05	0.87	2.22	1.50	0.00
庚醛 Heptanal	0.25	0.00	0.00	1.02	0.42	0.00	0.24	0.00	0.00	0.81	0.00	1.03	0.32	0.00
苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde	5.63	4.22	5.75	5.24	3.59	2.59	4.26	4.71	5.66	4.27	4.86	2.13	2.31	2.79
1-辛烯-3-醇 3-octenol	0.75	0.61	0.64	0.83	1.16	0.00	0.48	0.50	0.55	0.36	0.41	0.41	0.42	0.57
甲基庚烯酮 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one	1.00	0.59	0.85	1.27	0.85	0.00	0.73	0.78	1.21	0.63	0.87	1.09	0.61	1.19
2-正戊基呋喃 2-pentyl-furan	1.44	1.01	1.20	1.86	1.73	0.00	0.00	0.87	1.66	0.91	0.97	1.17	1.14	1.01
正辛醛 Octanal	0.83	0.52	0.00	0.90	0.67	0.00	0.34	0.57	0.00	0.64	0.36	1.42	0.46	0.26
（E，E）-2，4-庚二烯醛 (E, E)-2, 4-heptadienal	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.22	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.85	0.29	0.62
苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	4.35	5.06	2.82	4.48	4.75	4.67	2.79	2.75	3.58	4.57	2.16	5.13	2.03	0.65
3-辛烯-2-酮 3-octen-2-one	0.34	0.30	0.00	0.19	0.52	0.61	0.17	0.14	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.53	0.20	0.00
苯乙醛 Phenylacetaldehyde	0.51	0.52	0.00	0.00	0.29	0.75	0.27	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.83	0.12	0.00
反-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-nonenal	0.33	0.24	0.00	0.28	0.48	0.15	0.00	0.26	0.00	0.28	0.00	0.67	0.00	0.71
呋喃型顺式氧化芳樟醇 Cis-linalool oxide (furanoid)	2.82	2.26	0.00	3.50	3.06	3.85	3.68	0.00	3.01	2.85	3.98	5.67	0.00	3.02
呋喃型反式氧化芳樟醇 Trans-linalool oxide (furanoid)	2.95	2.89	1.91	3.03	3.09	6.98	5.04	4.19	4.06	2.14	4.70	5.32	4.75	3.71
3，5-辛二烯-2-酮 3, 5-octadien-2-one	2.50	2.58	3.00	3.06	1.96	0.00	0.00	2.75	3.09	1.88	2.03	0.00	1.60	1.67
芳樟醇 Linalool	17.28	13.59	14.48	27.14	9.09	16.61	25.19	13.60	11.28	8.06	25.88	4.65	23.65	10.65
壬醛 Nonanal	2.87	3.02	2.63	3.74	4.62	3.55	1.71	2.60	0.87	3.77	0.00	4.33	1.74	4.21
苯乙醇 Phenethyl alcohol	9.69	9.57	6.49	8.10	9.97	6.99	4.66	3.72	3.73	5.66	5.36	3.98	4.70	4.64
N-乙基琥珀酰亚胺 1-ethyl-2, 5-pyrrolidinedione	0.69	0.83	0.83	0.00	0.94	1.51	0.48	0.00	0.83	0.89	0.41	0.32	0.00	0.63
5-乙基-6-甲基-3-庚烯-2-酮 5-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hepten-2-one	1.17	1.11	1.52	0.92	0.74	0.61	0.74	1.00	1.44	0.75	1.32	0.76	0.96	1.29
反-2-壬烯醛 (E)-2-nonenal	0.58	0.41	0.33	0.32	0.51	0.52	0.15	0.35	0.00	0.42	0.50	0.66	0.27	0.36
吡喃型顺式氧化芳樟醇 Cis-linalool oxide (pyran)	0.31	0.38	0.54	0.22	0.32	1.14	0.60	0.36	0.53	0.46	0.48	0.98	0.47	0.51
吡喃型反式氧化芳樟醇 Trans-linalool oxide (pyran)	1.11	0.88	0.00	0.79	1.29	7.79	1.87	1.31	0.00	1.11	2.37	1.39	1.86	1.44
L-薄荷醇 L-menthol	0.48	0.31	0.00	0.00	0.00	1.62	0.12	0.29	0.00	0.54	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	1.26	1.39	0.59	1.66	0.96	1.28	2.35	1.71	1.75	1.29	3.88	1.59	2.70	2.83
α-松油醇 α-terpineol	0.00	0.97	0.84	0.00	0.00	0.36	0.73	0.79	0.00	0.69	0.00	0.00	0.42	0.00
癸醛 Decanal	0.45	0.63	0.49	0.60	1.80	0.54	0.20	0.84	1.43	0.90	0.68	1.54	0.49	1.07
β-环柠檬醛 β-cyclocitral	0.52	0.28	0.29	0.49	0.00	0.42	0.45	0.45	0.56	0.47	0.69	0.85	1.18	1.16
2-丁基-2-辛烯醛 2-butyl-2-octenal	0.50	0.43	0.57	0.13	0.40	0.00	0.21	0.46	0.32	0.15	0.00	0.24	0.51	0.30
N-己酸乙烯酯 N-caproic acid vinyl ester	0.58	0.18	0.00	0.35	0.00	0.22	0.20	0.15	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.33	0.00	0.00
香叶醇 Geraniol	2.94	2.06	1.61	2.50	2.96	1.95	1.64	1.81	2.04	1.84	2.62	1.46	1.99	1.43
柠檬醛 Citral	0.00	0.20	0.13	0.19	0.31	0.00	0.10	0.13	0.15	0.00	0.38	0.00	0.20	0.00
γ-壬内酯 γ-nonalactone	0.52	0.62	0.56	0.25	0.42	0.35	0.29	0.36	0.59	0.37	0.26	0.46	0.00	0.41
β-榄香烯 β-elemene	0.00	1.05	0.61	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.36	1.25	1.32	1.24	0.00	0.00	0.47	0.00
顺-茉莉酮 Cis-jasmone	0.65	0.39	0.17	1.00	0.26	0.00	0.42	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
十六烷 Hexadecane	0.00	0.00	2.87	1.51	1.42	0.00	0.98	0.00	2.50	1.77	0.00	1.77	0.47	2.42
α-雪松烯 α-cedrene	1.18	0.25	0.22	0.57	0.00	0.72	0.17	0.35	0.43	0.46	0.00	0.00	1.17	0.56
β-雪松烯 β-cedrene	0.00	2.14	2.37	0.17	0.42	0.00	0.94	3.09	3.68	3.70	0.00	0.00	1.02	1.02
α-紫罗兰酮 α-ionone	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.17	0.00	0.85	0.43	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.93	0.84	0.00	0.00
罗汉柏烯 Thujopsene	0.00	0.52	0.38	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.23	0.45	0.50	0.70	0.00	0.00	0.09	0.09
橙花基丙酮 Nerylacetone	0.81	0.91	1.21	0.66	0.89	0.79	0.88	1.34	1.59	1.35	1.23	2.19	0.91	0.91
β-紫罗兰酮 β-ionone	0.00	1.48	0.00	0.00	1.13	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.24	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
反式-β-紫罗兰酮 Trans-β-ionone	1.53	0.00	1.50	1.12	0.00	1.81	1.94	2.07	2.08	0.00	2.12	5.11	5.75	5.75
异甲基紫罗兰酮 Iso-methylionone	0.86	1.99	1.74	0.50	0.82	1.14	1.33	2.70	1.96	1.69	1.60	0.00	0.93	0.93
β-瑟林烯 β-selinene	0.00	0.66	0.31	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.19	0.57	0.35	0.59	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
十五烷 Pentadecane	0.25	0.41	0.24	0.00	1.67	0.92	0.20	0.33	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.69	0.00	0.00
二氢猕猴桃内酯 Dihydroactinidiolide	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.73	1.17	1.13	0.86	1.50	2.00	0.00	1.20	1.23	0.74	0.74
柏木醇 Cedrol	0.46	2.16	7.57	0.30	1.26	1.18	1.00	3.52	2.14	3.57	0.58	0.61	0.31	0.31
植酮 Phytone	0.39	0.73	0.64	0.18	0.41	0.79	0.24	0.44	0.54	0.51	0.36	0.38	0.10	0.10

Table 2 Relative contents of aroma components in different grades of white tea samples %

Table 3 Relative contents of aroma compounds in different grades of white tea (%)

Fig. 2 Heat map of the contents of aroma components in different grades of white teaBHYZ: Baihaoyinzhen; BMD: Baimudan; SM: Shoumei.

Fig. 3 PLS-DA analysis of main aroma components in different grades of white teaA. Score plot； B. Loading plot. BHYZ: Baihaoyinzhen; BMD: Baimudan; SM: Shoumei.


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