瘤胃内甲烷生成与厌氧氧化过程耦联研究进展

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.01.171

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (5): 519-528 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.01.171

综述

瘤胃内甲烷生成与厌氧氧化过程耦联研究进展

徐欣欣(

),王佳堃(

)

浙江大学动物科学学院奶业科学研究所，杭州 310058

Research progress on coupling of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation in the rumen

Xinxin XU(

),Jiakun WANG(

)

Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

全文: PDF(1290 KB) HTML

摘要：

降低反刍动物甲烷排放具有重要的经济价值和生态意义。甲烷厌氧氧化（anaerobic methane oxidation, AMO）是湿地、海洋以及湖泊等生态系统中减少甲烷排放的重要途径。根据反应过程中电子受体的不同，AMO分为硫酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化（sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, S-DAMO）、硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化（nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, N-DAMO）和金属依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化（metal-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane, M-DAMO）。饲喂反刍动物硝酸盐和硫酸盐也有降甲烷的效果，但这一过程一直被认为是 $N O 3 －$ 或 $S O 4 2 －$ 作为电子受体竞争氢的结果。而N-DAMO和S-DAMO的热动力学反应优于硝酸盐和硫酸盐还原反应，若反刍动物瘤胃中能实现AMO，对改善环境及提高饲料利用效率都具有重要意义。为此，本文在阐述AMO类型、反应机制及其涉及的微生物的基础上，比较了自然环境和反刍动物瘤胃中硝酸盐和硫酸盐对甲烷产量影响的差异，发现AMO可能在瘤胃中发生，是硝酸盐、硫酸盐降低瘤胃甲烷产量的原因之一。

关键词： 瘤胃; 甲烷生成; 甲烷厌氧氧化; 耦联

Abstract:

Reducing methane emission from ruminants has important economic value and ecological significance. Anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) is an important way to reduce methane emissions in different ecosystems, including wetlands, marine habitats and lakes. According to different electron acceptors, AMO can be divided into sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (S-DAMO), nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) and metal-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (M-DAMO). Feeding nitrate and sulfate to ruminants also has methane-lowering effects; however, this process has always been thought to be the result of $N O 3 －$ or $S O 4 2 －$ competition for hydrogen as the electron acceptor. The thermodynamic reactions of N-DAMO and S-DAMO are superior to nitrate reduction reaction and sulfate reduction reaction, and if AMO can proceed in rumen, it will be of great significance to improve environment and feed utilization efficiency. Therefore, based on the description of the type of AMO, mechanisms of AMO and microorganisms involved, this paper compared the differences of nitrate and sulfate reducing methane production in the natural habitat and rumen, and found that AMO may occur in the rumen, which may be one of the reasons for the reduction of methane production in the rumen by nitrate and sulfate.

Key words: rumen methanogenesis anaerobic methane oxidation coupling

收稿日期: 2020-01-17 出版日期: 2020-11-19

CLC:

X 172

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(31973000)

通讯作者: 王佳堃 E-mail: xuxinxin2299@163.com;jiakunwang@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 徐欣欣（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-6790），E-mail：xuxinxin2299@163.com

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引用本文:

徐欣欣,王佳堃. 瘤胃内甲烷生成与厌氧氧化过程耦联研究进展[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(5): 519-528.

Xinxin XU,Jiakun WANG. Research progress on coupling of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation in the rumen. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(5): 519-528.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.01.171 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I5/519

表1 不同类型甲烷厌氧氧化途径中甲烷氧化速率

图1 硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐竞争氢气、氢营养型甲烷生成途径及反向产甲烷途径[21,30,38-39]黄色线条表示NO3－或NO2－竞争氢气的过程；蓝色线条表示氢营养型甲烷生成途径；红色线条表示反向产甲烷过程。Fmd：甲酰甲烷呋喃脱氢酶；Ftr：甲酰甲烷呋喃甲酰转移酶；Mch：亚甲基四氢甲烷蝶呤水解酶；Mtd：亚甲基四氢甲烷蝶呤脱氢酶；Mer：亚甲基四氢甲烷蝶呤还原酶；Mtr：甲基辅酶M转移酶；Hdr：膜相关的辅酶B-辅酶M异硫化物还原酶；Mcr：甲基辅酶M还原酶。

反应名称 Reaction name	反应方程式 Reaction equation	底物ΔG Substrate ΔG/(kJ/mol)
甲烷生成 Methanogenesis	CO₂＋4H₂→CH₄＋2H₂O	－16.9
同型产乙酸 Homoacetogenesis	2CO₂＋4H₂→CH₃ $C O O －$ ＋ $H ＋$ ＋2H₂O	－2.2
硫酸盐还原 Sulfate reduction	$S O 4 2 －$ ＋4H₂＋ $H ＋$ → $H S －$ ＋4H₂O	－21.1
硝酸盐还原 Nitrate reduction	$N O 3 －$ ＋H₂→ $N O 2 －$ ＋H₂O	－130.0
亚硝酸盐还原 Nitrite reduction	$N O 2 －$ ＋3H₂＋ $2 H ＋$ → $N H 4 ＋$ ＋2H₂O	－124.0
S-DAMO	CH₄＋ $S O 4 2 －$ →H $C O 3 －$ ＋ $H S －$ ＋H₂O	－16.6
N-DAMO ( $N O 3 －$ )	5CH₄＋8 $N O 3 －$ ＋ $8 H ＋$ →5CO₂＋4N₂＋14H₂O	－765.0
N-DAMO ( $N O 2 －$ )	3CH₄＋8N $O 2 －$ ＋ $8 H ＋$ →3CO₂＋4N₂＋10H₂O	－928.0
M-DAMO ( $M n 4 ＋$ )	CH₄＋4MnO₂＋ $7 H ＋$ →H $C O 3 －$ ＋ $4 M n 2 ＋$ ＋5H₂O	－556.0
M-DAMO ( $F e 3 ＋$ )	CH₄＋ $8 F e 3 ＋$ ＋2H₂O→CO₂＋ $8 F e 2 ＋$ ＋ $8 H ＋$	－454.6

表2 利用不同电子受体进行的还原或氧化反应的吉布斯自由能[11,14，48,50]

添加物 Additive	添加剂量和形式 Dose and form	降甲烷效果 Effect of reducing methane	文献 Reference
$N O 3 －$	2.6% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－32%	[10]
	2.1% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－16%	[52]
	2.15% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－1.9 g/kg DMI	[56]
	0.53% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－6%	[57]
	1.36% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－13%	[57]
	2.11% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－23%	[57]
	5 mmol/L $N O 3 －$	－6.8 mL	[51]
	2% NaNO₃	－9.38 mL	[58]
	4% KNO₃	－23%或6.9 L/d	[59]
$S O 4 2 －$	2.6% MgSO₄	－16%	[10]
$S O 4 2 －$	0.93% CaSO₄	－19.6 L/kg DMI	[60]

表3 添加硝酸盐或硫酸盐降低瘤胃甲烷产量的研究

表4 硝酸盐和硫酸盐在自然环境和瘤胃中对甲烷产量影响的差异[10-11,48，50]

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