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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)  2016, Vol. 42 Issue (5): 607-    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.02.041
资源与环境科学     
杭州市富阳区公益林封山育林后群落结构变化
张骏,徐升华,吴初平,焦洁洁,黄玉洁,高洪娣,沈爱华,袁位高,朱锦茹,高智慧,江波
1.浙江省林业技术推广总站,杭州310020; 2.浙江省林业科学研究院,杭州 310023; 3.富阳区林业局,杭州311400;4.浙江省林业生态管理中心,杭州310020
Influences of mountain closure on community composition of ecological service forest in Fuyang, Hangzhou，China
ZHANG Jun, XU Shenghua, WU Chuping,　JIAO Jiejie, HUANG Yujie， GAO Hongdi, SHEN Aihua， YUAN Weigao, ZHU Jinru, GAO Zhihui, JIANG Bo
1. Zhejiang Forestry Technology Extended Station, Hangzhou 310020, China; 2. Zhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou 310023, China; 3. Fuyang Forestry Bureau, Hangzhou 311400, China; 4. Zhejiang Forestry Ecological Engineering Administration, Hangzhou 310020, China
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摘要： 为分析实施封山育林后公益林群落结构、林分质量,探明次生演替趋势,研究公益林封山育林后群落结构变化,根据杭州市富阳区公益林的分布格局与森林类型等基本特征；运用森林生态野外观测、试验分析、数理统计分析等方法,建立固定监测样地88个,并对固定样地进行跟踪调查,定期研究森林群落相关因子,并运用实测数据对其进行计量研究。结果表明富阳区公益林林分质量显著提高,2009—2014年5年间阔叶林的幼龄林密度极显著地增加了325.00株/hm2(27.4%,P<0.01),平均胸径显著增长了0.65 cm(8.2%,P<0.05),群落生物量增加了4.53 t/hm2(5.7%);中龄林平均胸径增长了0.23 cm(2.1%),群落生物量极显著地增加了18.55 t/hm2(15.9%,P<0.01)。5年间针阔混交林3个龄组的密度略有增加,幼龄林的平均胸径增加最多,增加了1.07 cm(12.8%);幼龄林的群落生物量增加最多,极显著地增加了20.59 t/hm2(20.7%,P<0.01),中龄林的群落生物量极显著地增加了12.14 t/hm2(11.5%,P<0.01)。对比富阳区公益林2009年和2014年林龄结构,幼龄林、中龄林面积减少,近熟林和成熟林面积增加;阔叶林的幼龄林基本不变,中龄林比例下降,向近熟林变化;针阔混交林的幼龄林比例下降,中龄林和近熟林比例提高,说明5年内针阔混交林的幼龄林逐渐进入中龄阶段,同时中龄林也进入中近熟林阶段。富阳区公益林经过5年的封育,针阔混交林和阔叶林中的阔叶树种比例都有不同程度的增加,在针叶林中柏木(Cupressus funebris Endl.)和黄檀(Dalbergia hupeana Hance)相对优势度增加最多;在阔叶林中木荷(Schima crenata)、朴树(Celtis sinensis)、野鸦椿(Euscaphis japonica)的相对优势度增加最多,南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)、女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)的相对优势度减少最多;在针阔混交林中,樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)、檫木(Sassafras tzumu)、木荷的相对优势度增加最多,苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)、柏木、野鸦椿的相对优势度减少最多。林内更新层阔叶树种资源丰富的针叶林和针阔混交林,应采用封育管护,以实现由针叶林向针阔混交林方向、针阔混交林向阔叶林方向发展。对一些郁闭度较高或林内目的树种匮乏的林分应进行适当抚育,通过人工栽培、种植阔叶树等措施,以提高公益林内物种多样性,迅速增加公益林的生态效益。
Abstract: According to basic characteristics (e.g., distribution pattern, forest type) of the ecological service forest in Fuyan, Hangzhou, we aimed to understand the changes in community composition, stand quality, and secondary succession process after the mountain closure. Using the method of forest field observation, experimental analysis, mathematical and statistical analysis, we established 88 permanent monitoring sampling plots to track forest community factors periodically. 　　Our results showed that the forest quality of Fuyang ecological service forest improved significantly between 2009 and 2014. Specifically, the stem density of young broadleaved forest increased by 325.00 individual/hm2 (27.4%, P<0.01), its average diameter at breast height increased by 0.65 cm (8.2%, P<0.05), and its community biomass increased by 4.53 t/hm2 (5.7%), respectively. The average diameter at breast height of middle-aged broadleaved forest increased by 0.23 cm (2.1%) and its community biomass increased by 18.55 t/hm2 (15.9%, P<0.01). The stem density of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest at three age classes increased slightly during the past five years. The diameter at breast height of young coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest increased the largest by 1.07 cm (12.8%), and its community biomass increased by 20.59 t/hm2 (20.7%, P<0.01). The community biomass of middle-aged coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest also increased by 12.14 t/hm2 (11.5%, P<0.01). Comparing the age structure of Fuyang ecological service forest between 2009 and 2014, the areas of young forest and middle-aged forest reduced, while the areas of premature forest and mature forest increased. The area of young broadleaved forest did not change significantly and the middle-aged forest gradually turned into premature forest. Meanwhile, the area of young coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest decreased, while the area of middle-aged forest and premature forest increased. Our results showed that coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest gradually changed into the middle-aged forest at young stage and premature forest at middle-aged stage. After five years of mountain closure of the ecological service forest in Fuyang, the proportion of broadleaved tree species in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest and broadleaved forest increased. In the coniferous forest, the relatively dominant Cupressus funebris and Dalbergia hupeana experienced the largest increase. In the broadleaved forest, the relatively dominant Schima crenata, Celtis sinensis and Euscaphis japonica had the largest increase, while Choerospondias axillaris, Ligustrum lucidum and Pinus massoniana showed the largest decline. In the coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, the relatively dominant Cinnamomum camphora, Sassafras tzumu, Schima crenata experienced the largest increase, while Castanopsis sclerophylla, Cupressus funebris, and Euscaphis japonica displayed the largest decline. 　　Our findings suggest that for abundant broadleaved tree species resources at renewal layers, the mountain closure is an effective measure to accelerate the succession of coniferous forest to coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, then to broadleaved forest. For forests with high canopy or few target tree species, it is necessary to take some artificial cultivation measures (e.g., artificial planting) to promote the species diversity and improve the ecological effects.
出版日期: 2016-09-20
CLC:  S 718  
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引用本文:

张骏,徐升华,吴初平,焦洁洁,黄玉洁,高洪娣,沈爱华,袁位高,朱锦茹,高智慧,江波. 杭州市富阳区公益林封山育林后群落结构变化[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2016, 42(5): 607-.

ZHANG Jun, XU Shenghua, WU Chuping,JIAO Jiejie, HUANG Yujie,GAO Hongdi, SHEN Aihua, YUAN Weigao, ZHU Jinru, GAO Zhihui, JIANG Bo. Influences of mountain closure on community composition of ecological service forest in Fuyang, Hangzhou，China. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2016, 42(5): 607-.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.02.041    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2016/V42/I5/607

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