It is difficult to directly dope europium complexes in gel because the excessive water or high acidic condition may lead to their decomposition. We prepared a novel homogeneous TiO2 gel containing Eu-phen complexes by using an in-situ synthesis method. The formation of Eu-phen complexes in sol-gel derived TiO2 was confirmed by luminescence excitation spectra. The effects of temperature and aging time on in-situ synthesis are discussed. The luminescence spectra of gel containing europium complexes were also compared with the pure Eu-phen complexes.

Detoxification of chlorinated organic compounds via reaction with nickel/iron powder was implemented in aqueous solution. Compared to iron, nickel/iron bimetallic powder had higher hydrodechlorination activities for both atrazine (ATR) and p-chlorophenol (pCP); nickel/iron (2.96%, w/w) was shown to have the largest specific surface area and the optimum proportion for the dechlorination of both ATR and pCP. Electrochemical measurements showed that the adsorbed hydrogen atom on the nickel must have been the dominant reductive agent for the dechlorination of both ATR and pCP in this system.

Endothermic hydrocarbon fuels are advanced coolants for high-temperature structures of spacecraft. No data of tested-cooling-ability of endothermic fuels have been broadly discussed in literature. In this work a high-temperature flow calorimeter was designed, and the cooling capacity of six different hydrocarbon fuels were measured. Experimental results showed that these hydrocarbon fuels have capacity for cooling high-temperature structures, and that the cooling capacity of fuel N-1 can reach 3.15 MJ/kg, which can nearly satisfy the requirement of thermal management for a Mach 3 cruise aircraft, whose heat sink requirement is about 3.5 MJ/kg. The endothermic velocity of hydrocarbon fuels was also measured by the calorimeter.

As a part of our interest in biologically active germacranolides from the genus Carpesium (Compositae), we have investigated the constituents of Carpesium cernuum. This paper reports the isolation and structural elucidation of a new germacranolide, cernolide A (Compound 1), from the herb. The structure of Compound 1 was determined as 2a,3b-dihydroxy-9-angeloxygermacra-4-en-6,12-olide on the basis of spectral evidence. The skeleton of Compound 1 was elucidation by IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. The stereochemistry of Compound 1 was deduced by ROESY spectral data. Finally, the procedures of extraction and isolation were described in detail.

To investigate effects of Zn on Cd uptake by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) in solution culture, long-time hydroponic experiment (1 month) (Experiment 1) and short-time Cd isotope (109Cd) tracing experiment (24 h) (Experiment 2) were conducted. In E

The western Iratsu mass, the largest tectonic body in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, is mainly composed of epidote amphibolite with minor amounts of eclogite. Systematically, a majority of garnets show bell-shaped chemical zoning of pyro

Too many sensors and data information in structural health monitoring system raise the problem of how to realize multi-sensor information fusion. An experiment on a three-story frame structure was conducted to obtain vibration test data in 36 damage cases. A coupling neural network (NN) based on multi-sensor information fusion is proposed to achieve identification of damage occurrence, damage localization and damage quantification, respectively. First, wavelet packet transform (WPT) is used to extract features of vibration test data from structure with different damage extent. Then, data fusion is conducted by assembling feature vectors of different type sensors. Finally, three sets of coupling NN are constructed to implement decision fusion and damage identification. The results of experimental study proved the validity and feasibility of the proposed methodology.

This paper proposes a policy driven and multi-agent based model to enhance the fault tolerance and recovery capabilities of Web services in distributed environment. The evaluation function of fault specifications and the corresponding handling m

Search engines have greatly helped us to find the desired information from the Internet. Most search engines use keywords matching technique. This paper discusses a Dynamic Knowledge Base based Search Engine (DKBSE), which can expand the user?ˉs query using the keywords?ˉ concept or meaning. To do this, the DKBSE needs to construct and maintain the knowledge base dynamically via the system?ˉs searching results and the user?ˉs feedback information. The DKBSE expands the user?ˉs initial query using the knowledge base, and returns the searched information after the expanded query.

To facilitate stability analysis of discrete-time bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks, they were converted into novel neural network models, termed standard neural network models (SNNMs), which interconnect linear dynamic systems and bounded static nonlinear operators. By combining a number of different Lyapunov functionals with S-procedure, some useful criteria of global asymptotic stability and global exponential stability of the equilibrium points of SNNMs were derived. These stability conditions were formulated as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). So global stability of the discrete-time BAM neural networks could be analyzed by using the stability results of the SNNMs. Compared to the existing stability analysis methods, the proposed approach is easy to implement, less conservative, and is applicable to other recurrent neural networks.

This paper presents a new design of robust optimal controller for multivariable system. The row characteristic functions of a linear multivariable system and dynamic decoupling of its equivalent system, were applied to change the transfer function matrix of a closed-loop system into a normal function matrix, so that robust H?T optimal stability is guaranteed. Furthermore, for the decoupled equivalent control system the l?T optimization approach is used to have the closed-loop system embody optimal time domain indexes. A successful application on a heater control system verified the excellence of the new control scheme.

In the superplastic sheet forming process, the uniformity of the sheet?ˉs final thickness distribution is vital for ensuring the good mechanical quality of the formed components. The influences of the component shape and the contact friction on the final thickness distribution were investigated in this work by using finite element method on a series of axisymmetric models. It was concluded that shape optimization and friction elimination are required to get uniform thickness distribution, and eventually to improve the mechanical quality of the formed components. The constitutive equation of the Ti-6Al-4V superplastic material was also determined on the basis of experimental data.

A new electromagnetic suspension model using a combination of high temperature superconductors (HTS) and copper conductors is proposed in this paper. A feasibility study showed that the magnets of our model can generate the 250 kg vertical suspension force. Three dimensional FEM and Design Sensitivity Analysis using the levitation gap length and cross sectional dimensions of the HTS magnets as design parameters were conducted to obtain the optimal shape of the cross section and the configuration of the HTS magnet. It was found that the gap length when optimized HTS magnet was used was much larger than that when copper conductor magnet was used, while the HTS coil volume was minimum, and the perpendicular field along the outer surface of the HTS coil was less than 0.12 T.

Constant-step stress accelerated life test of Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) was conducted with increased cathode temperature. Statistical analysis was done by applying Weibull distribution for describing the life, and Least Square Method (LSM) for estimating Weibull parameters. Self-designed special software was used to predict the VFD life. Numerical results showed that the average life of VFD is over 30000 h, that the VFD life follows Weibull distribution, and that the life-stress relationship satisfies linear Arrhenius equation completely. Accurate calculation of the key parameter enabled rapid estimation of VFD life.

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor model can exhibit a variety of chaotic phenomena under some choices of system parameters and external input. Based on the property of passive system, the essential conditions were studied, by which Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor chaotic system could be equivalent to passive system. Using Lyapunov stability theory, the convergence condition deciding the system?ˉs characters was discussed. In the convergence condition area, the equivalent passive system could be globally asymptotically stabilized by smooth state feedback.

In product concept design, not only designers with professional CAD skills, but also final customers take part in the design and evaluation of product shape styling. Because customers usually lack surface modelling background and are not familia

This paper presents the results of an investigation to use arc-length mesh generation and finite volume TVD scheme to calculate Euler equations for predicting the effect of geometry parameters in reducing the drag force and improving the lift-drag ratio o

In this paper, we consider and resolve a geometric problem by using m(z)-homeomorphic theory, which is the generalization of quasiconformal mappings. A sufficient condition is given such that a C1-two-real-dimensional connected orientable manifold with almost positive definite metric can be made into a Riemann surface by the method of isothermal coordinates. The result obtained here is actually a generalization of Chern?ˉs work in 1955.

In this paper, two new kinds of B-basis functions called algebraic hyperbolic (AH) B¨|zier basis and AH B-Spline basis are presented in the space Gk=span{1,t,¼,tk-3,sinht,cosht}, in which K is an arbitrary integer larger than or equal to 3. They share most optimal properties as those of the B¨|zier basis and B-Spline basis respectively and can represent exactly some remarkable curves and surfaces such as the hyperbola, catenary, hyperbolic spiral and the hyperbolic paraboloid. The generation of tensor product surfaces of the AH B-Spline basis have two forms: AH B-Spline surface and AH T-Spline surface.

Let Hn be the set of real algebraic polynomials of degree n, whose zeros all lie in the interval [-1,1]. The well known Tur¨￠n type inequalities tell us that for f(x)ÎHn, it holds This note deals with the weighted Tur¨￠n type inequalities with the weights having inner singularities under Lp norm for 0

The sequences {Zi,n, 1£i£n}, n³1 are multi-nomial distribution among i.i.d. random variables {X1,i, i³1}, {X2,i, i³1}, ?-, {Xm,i, i³1}. The extreme value distribution GZ(x) of this particular triangular array of i.i.d. random variables Z1,n, Z2,n, ?-, Zn,n is discussed. A new type of not max-stable extreme value distributions which are Fr¨|chet mixture, Gumbel mixture and Weibull mixture has been found if Fj,?-,Fm belong to the same MDA. Whether mixtures of different types of extreme value distributions exist or not and the more general case are discussed in this paper. We found that GZ(x) does not exist as mixture forms of the different types of extreme value distributions after we investigated all cases.

To improve the sensitivity of protein microarray, a prism surface replaces the surface of the common microscope slide. The protein targets arrayed on the surface are hybridized and labelled by fluorescent probes. Evanescent excitation occurs when the convergent laser reaches the surface, and a photomultiplier tube detects the emitted fluorescent signal. A two-dimensional actuator scans the whole surface to achieve planar laser excitation and fluorescence collection. The penetration depth of the evanescent field into the protein targets is only some hundred nanometers and can be controlled by different incident angle of the laser beam, so the undesired background signals are reduced dramatically and the detection sensitivity is improved by a factor of 50 to 100 comparing to confocal excitation. This approach can detect low abundance analytes without signal amplification.

A range of ferrocenyl sulfides are synthesized and screened. Among them 1-a-methysulphoferrocenyl ethyl acetate and 1-a-methysulphoferrocenyl alcohol are found to be unexpected catalysts, which is first reported mediating in sulfur ylide epoxidation reactions, furnishing a novel approach for highly stereoselective synthesis of oxiranes with 98%~100% trans-isomer. The protocol also has excellent yield, convenient workup and recycled starting material. The reason of high trans-selectivity is due to the bulky ferrocenyl sulfide group, which stabilizes the intermediates and determines the trans priority. A possible catalytic mechanism is also proposed.

Evidences for the existence of ferromanganese crust boundary were found for the first time during the survey of the “DA YANG YI HAO” Vessel 2003. Some typical characteristics of the boundary are summarized and the significances of the finding of the boundary are included in the genesis discussion. Ore prospecting and assessment of the crust resources are described in this paper. The morphologic and extending characteristics of the crust boundary led to the recognition of two types of crust boundary: interpenetration crust boundary and closed crust boundary. According to the distribution and types of the crust, however, the boundaries are classified into three types: the boundary between ferromanganese crust and detrital sediment, the boundary between tabular crust and seamount nodules, and the boundary between tabular crust and rudaceous crust. This study revealed that the boundary between tabular crust and nodules was not formed under different regional environments but formed under different nucleation potential barriers between different initial growth (nucleation and germination) processes and between solid rocks and loose sediments. The rudaceous crusts are controlled spatially by fracture zones and the crusts’ boundaries are controlled by the seamount structure and landform. The discovery of the crust boundaries reveals the crust’s ‘negative growth’ phenomena (especially for some seamount nodules). The boundary investigation can be helpful in identifying the existence of tabular crust covered by detrital sediments and in calculating the area covered by the crust. The resource calculation error and the resource quality as well as resource exploration degree can be assessed through the survey of crust boundary.

An experimental study on heat transfer and resistance coefficients of linearly arranged smooth and spirally corrugated tube bundles in cross-flow was performed. The heat transfer and resistance coefficients are presented in this paper with transverse and longitudinal tube-pitch and tube geometries taken into account. The experiment’s results can provide technical guidelines for application to horizontal air preheater with arranged in-line spirally corrugated tube bundles, especially to the air preheater for CFBCBs (Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Boilers).

This paper proposes novel multiple-mobile-robot collision avoidance path planning based on cooperative co-evolution, which can be executed fully distributed and in parallel. A real valued co-evolutionary algorithm is developed to coordinate the movement of multiple robots in 2D world, avoiding C-space or grid net searching. The collision avoidance is achieved by cooperatively co-evolving segments of paths and the time interval to pass them. Methods for constraint handling, which are developed for evolutionary algorithm, make the path planning easier. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on a number of 2D path planning problems.

In this paper, we mainly pay attention to the weighted sampling and reconstruction algorithm in lattice-invariant signal spaces. We give the reconstruction formula in lattice-invariant signal spaces, which is a generalization of former results in shift-invariant signal spaces. That is, we generalize and improve Aldroubi, Gröchenig and Chen’s results, respectively. So we obtain a general reconstruction algorithm in lattice-invariant signal spaces, which the signal spaces is sufficiently large to accommodate a large number of possible models. They are maybe useful for signal processing and communication theory.

Philanthropic endowment, along with government allocation, tuition fee and extra income, is one of the four major means for funding higher education in China. Research on philanthropic endowment is at its beginning stage, and so it is not yet well known. With a view to providing some useful information to our government, universities and society, this paper aims at making a brief analysis of the status quo and management of philanthropic endowment in Chinese universities.