Abstract：The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to accelerate the establishment of the mechanisms for promoting the development of the digital economy. Against the backdrop of the continuous development of the data economy, the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law) in our country lacks relevant provisions on the disposal rules for data assets during enterprise bankruptcies. Therefore, the significance of this article lies in classifying and categorizing the data involved in enterprise bankruptcies, and proposing the establishment of data asset disposal rules during enterprise bankruptcies. Based on this, suggestions are made for the specific construction of data asset disposal rules for enterprise bankruptcies from three perspectives: the legislation of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, the update and reinforcement of the responsibilities of the administrator, and the improvement of the valuation and liquidation model of data assets.Firstly, data types involved in enterprise bankruptcies other than personal information should fall within the category of data assets, and can be classified according to their importance as core data, important data, and ordinary enterprise data. General enterprise data can be further divided into business data, management and operation data, and other data based on their characteristics and purposes. The administrator should adopt different disposal models for different data types. Secondly, the status of data assets as bankruptcy property should be established in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, and the revocation right and return right systems for data assets during bankruptcy should be improved to provide legal basis for the administrator’s disposal of data assets. Thirdly, the responsibilities of the administrator during enterprise bankruptcy should be updated and strengthened. The administrator not only has the responsibilities of collecting, managing, and disposing of data assets, but also has the responsibility of ensuring the security of data assets. The administrator should adopt different data security protection forms for different types of data. Regarding personal information, the administrator should classify and categorize user personal information based on its sensitivity and take different protection measures accordingly. For business data, the administrator should properly store and manage business data to ensure its security. For management and operation data and other data, the administrator should formulate appropriate data security management plans. In addition, the administrator should also formulate special internal management measures for departing employees of the bankrupt enterprise to prevent them from taking, transferring, or damaging enterprise data during their departure. Finally, when evaluating the value of data assets, multiple core factors should be considered, and the value of data assets should be assessed based on the characteristics of the enterprise data types. When liquidating data assets, not only can auction be adopted, but also data asset agreement transfer, public transfer, debt restructuring, etc. can be used with the consent of the creditors’ meeting to handle data assets, maximizing the value of enterprise data assets.The research methods adopted in this article include (1) Legal theory research method, studying the basic theories of civil law related to data asset disposal rules to deepen the understanding of the essence and goals of the design of such disposal rules; (2) Comparative analysis method, comparing the data asset disposal rules during enterprise bankruptcies in different countries and legal systems to provide relevant ideas for the data asset disposal rules of our country’s enterprises; (3) Case analysis method, summarizing and analyzing the relevant cases of data asset disposal rules in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, and obtaining the corresponding practices and specific applications of protecting and restricting personal information and enterprise data assets in different countries, providing a reference for the construction of data asset disposal rules during enterprise bankruptcies in our country.
高泓. 企业破产时数据资产处置的现实困境与规则构建[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2025, 55(11): 122-135.
Gao Hong. Practical Challenges and Rule Formulation in the Disposal of Data Assets During Corporate Bankruptcy. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2025, 55(11): 122-135.
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