Abstract：The application and development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology have brought revolutionary changes to various industries while providing robust technical support for the national legal system development. The integration of AI systems, represented by intelligent case-handling assistance systems, with criminal litigation mechanisms has become an inevitable trend in the evolution of China’s future criminal justice system, particularly during the case filing and investigation stages of criminal proceedings. For instance, during case filing, AI-driven technologies such as intelligent retrieval and analysis of criminal intelligence enable automated classification, retrieval, in-depth mining, and analytical evaluation of crime-related information. In the investigation phase, the analysis of digital video stands as one of the most widely utilized AI technologies, encompassing video/image content recognition, intelligent identification of human and mechanical traces, and other physical evidences. During pursuit operations, AI-powered geospatial analysis and the construction of a “four-dimensional operational framework” can effectively transform traditional two-dimensional investigative activities into a three-dimensional model integrating aerial and ground forces, significantly enhancing the efficiency of tracking and intercepting suspects. As interrogation constitutes a critical component of criminal litigation, embedding AI into this process is imperative. The adoption of emerging technologies—such as multimodal emotion analysis, intelligent transcription systems, and automated evidence review—directly impacts the quality of investigative outcomes.The rise of judicial AI also poses substantial challenges to traditional criminal justice practices. These challenges not only trigger profound shifts in the operational mechanisms of criminal justice activities but also disrupt established judicial philosophies. Current applications of AI in investigative processes face technical limitations, including insufficient, unreliable, or unstructured legal data, as well as issues such as the “black-box effect”, algorithmic bias, and potential rights infringements. These shortcomings jeopardize the legitimacy of interrogation activities. Consequently, it is essential to identify and evaluate the risks associated with AI integration into interrogations and devise regulatory pathways to ensure the lawful exercise of investigative authority while safeguarding the procedural rights of the accused. This paper aims at delineating specific application scenarios of AI in investigative interrogations, articulate its value in this context, and expose associated risks throughout the interrogation process, thereby proposing countermeasures to inform the institutional design of AI-embedded interrogation systems.In an era where AI technologies serve as investigative aids and deepen their integration, outright rejection or resistance is impractical. To mitigate the “double-edged sword” effect of AI, a balanced approach harmonizing technology and law must prioritize pluralistic values. While leveraging AI’s auxiliary role in interrogations, legal frameworks must guide and regulate its use to prevent the expansion and misuse of investigative power under data-driven models. Concurrently, legislative, judicial, and administrative collaboration should promote the deep integration of AI with interrogation practices, aligning technological advancement with legal principles to realize the vision of “technology for good” in criminal justice.
2025, Vol. 55 
