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定州塔题名碑记所见北宋前期基层军事职官考
梁松涛 李湛栋
An Examination on the Junior Military Officer of the Early Stage of theNorthern Song Dynasty According to Dingzhou Tower Inscriptions
Liang Songtao, Li Zhandong

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摘要 

从定州塔题名碑记可知,指挥(营)以下的北宋基层军事职官分为两类,一类职名是差遣性质的,其中,员寮在禁军中不常设,但在乡兵中常设,且是实职,地位仅次于(营)指挥使、副指挥使。军头在禁军、厢军的都以下均有设置,十将设置数量不止一人,且分左右。将虞候不仅在禁军、厢军中设置,在乡兵中也普遍设置。押官在乡兵中也有设置。按照地位高低,依次为员寮、军头、十将、将虞候、承局、押官。节级为军头、十将、将虞候、承局、押官这些低级职官的统称或泛称。通引官、曹司则是属于负责管理的军吏。另一类职名则是表示荣誉和品级,如仆射、尚书、殿侍,属于检校官和无品阶官衔。“尚书”“仆射”等职名的存在表明北宋基层军事职官体系遗留有前代军制的特色。

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关键词 定州塔题名碑记北宋指挥基层军事职官    
Abstract

It is well known that there is a lack of basic historical materials in the study of the military system in the Song Dynasty,especially in the Northern Song Dynasty.The tower of Kaiyuan temple in Dingzhou,built in the fourth year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty, keeps many inscriptions of the tower repairs which can make up for the deficiency in this aspect. Based on these stone carvings,and combined with relevant research and documentary records, this paper sorts out the military officers under the Zhihui(Battalion)of the Northern Song Dynasty.Some problems have not been studied in the academic field, such as the specific meaning,classification,setting of different arms,ranking of positions,etc.According to their nature,these officials can be divided into two categories.One is the dispatch system.Among them,those who are in charge of the battle are the Yuanliao,Juntou,Shijian,Jiangyuhou, Chengju and Yaguan. The Tongyinguan and Caosi were the officers in charge of the administration.The other is a class of titles expressing honor and rank,such as the Puye, Shangshu,Dianshi.The existence of Shangshu,Puye and other titles indicates that the j unior military officer system of the Northern Song Dynasty has the characteristics of the former military system.In the establishment of Du,except for those who have been proved to be clear in the academic circle,such as Junshi,Fubingmashi,and Dutou,Fudutou,there are also Yuanliao, Juntou,Shijiang,Jiangyuhou,Chengju and Yaguan.Among them,they are in one rank for Yaguan and Chengju,one rank for the general of Jiangyuhou and Shijiang for the general,and one rank for the Fubingmashi and Junshi and for the general.A military officer of Yuanliao is below the Du level.Jieji refers to the general or general term of the lower rank officers such as Juntou,Shijiang,Jiangyuhou,Chengju andYaguan.Jieji is generally under Du,and each Du has several sections, thus confirming and supplementing the existing research conclusions. According to the specific situation,Yuanliao is not only set up in Imperial Guard,but also in the Militiaman.It is believed that Yuanliao in the Militiaman should be a real position,and is a general name of a certain level of officers,not a specific military officer name.The Juntou is set up below the Du of the Imperial Guard and the Du of the Xiang army.One head of the army is set up in each Du.Shijiang has been set under Du,and included no less than three people.The Jiangyuhou is not only set up in the Imperial Guard and Xiang army,but also in the Militiaman. As far as the setting up of Xiang army in Hebei Road is concerned,it is common to place Jiangyuhou under the command of Xiang army.The Chengju is set up under Du,and has left and right divisions.The number of employees in each Du may be at least four.Yaguan is set in the Imperial Guard,Xiang army and the Militiaman.In the Militiaman one officer has twenty-five men. The Tongyinguan and Caosi should be set up in the j unior military system,borrowing the name of administrative officials but serving the military.Judging from the inscription,the number ofJianjiao-shangshu is quite large.Dianshi is set under the Du.

Key wordsDingzhou Tower    inscriptions    the Northern Song Dynasty    Zhihui(Battalion)    j unior military officer   
    
引用本文:   
梁松涛 李湛栋. 定州塔题名碑记所见北宋前期基层军事职官考[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2020, 6(4): 70-. Liang Songtao, Li Zhandong. An Examination on the Junior Military Officer of the Early Stage of theNorthern Song Dynasty According to Dingzhou Tower Inscriptions. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2020, 6(4): 70-.
链接本文:  
https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2019.02.261     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2020/V6/I4/70
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