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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2023, Vol. 53 Issue (5): 5-19    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2023.01.178
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敦煌学草创时期刊布的敦煌文献资料价值试论
周思敏, 张涌泉
浙江大学 古籍研究所,浙江 杭州 310058
The Value of Dunhuang Literature Published in Pioneering Stage: A Case Study of Zhensongtang Cang Xichui Miji Congcan
Zhou Simin, Zhang Yongquan
Research Institute for Ancient Books, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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摘要 在敦煌学发展初期,以罗振玉为代表的一批学人曾经辑录、影印、摹写、出版了大量的敦煌文献资料,但这些资料在今日的敦煌学术研究中尚未得到充分的利用与挖掘,《贞松堂藏西陲秘籍丛残》便是其中的典型。罗振玉曾将自己收藏的敦煌残卷辑入《丛残》,这些残卷在罗氏逝世后分批散出,其中的一大部分后来陆续入藏中国国家博物馆、国家图书馆、故宫博物院等地。《丛残》中影印的写卷旧图不仅可以校正上述馆藏地最新公开的图版、叙录中存在的疏失,而且为辨明写卷原貌、窥探残卷流散情况提供了珍贵的样本与独特的视角。同时,《丛残》等早期图版资料囿于客观的技术局限与主观的陈旧观念,存在边缘失真、摹写、保留单面等问题,提醒我们应综合利用同一写卷在不同时期的新旧图版,加强对早期文献资料的参考借鉴与吸收利用。
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周思敏
张涌泉
关键词 敦煌学草创时期《贞松堂藏西陲秘籍丛残》罗振玉敦煌写卷残卷流散    
Abstract:In the pioneering stage of Dunhuang Studies, with Luo Zhenyu as the representative, numerous scholars compiled, copied, depicted, and published a great deal of literature, yet this literature has not been fully utilized in today’s Dunhuang academic research. Therefore, taking Zhensongtang Cang Xichui Miji Congcan compiled by Luo Zhenyu in 1939 as a typical example, this paper expounds on the great value of early published literature for Dunhuang academic research today and proposes the issues that should be considered when using such literature.The compilation and publication of Dunhuang documents in the early days did not form a standardized pattern. Congcan was neither cataloged nor titled, thus making it difficult for researchers, including Luo himself, to accurately determine the number and content of the printed manuscripts contained within it. Based on the research of renowned scholars such as Wang Zhongmin, Lin Pinghe, and others, combined with the latest research results of each scroll, we conducted a thorough combing of Congcan and identified 35 kinds of 95 pieces of fragmentary scrolls or fragments: 17 kinds of 69 pieces in Volume 1, 7 kinds of 7 pieces in Volume 2, and 11 kinds of 19 pieces in Volume 3. It is widely known that after the death of Luo, his collected manuscripts were scattered in batches. Through the analysis of elements such as characters, successive content, writing styles, seals, inscriptions and postscripts, etc., of handwritten scrolls, with a comprehensive search of the catalogs published by various collection institutions and the journals and papers published publicly, it was found that 51 of them were eventually collected in the National Museum of China, the National Library of China, the Palace Museum, the Nanjing Museum, the Liaoning Provincial Museum, the Shanghai Municipal Library, the Peking University Library, and other places after nearly a hundred years of circulation.Even for the same manuscript, there are often discrepancies between the images in Congcan and the latest materials publicly released by the institutions. For example, in the two articles published by Wang Su et al., which introduced the basic information of Dunhuang literature collected in the Palace Museum, the four sections numbered New 179084 were once included in Congcan. Upon comparison with Congcan, it was discovered that there were potential modifications to be made to the title, and starting and ending records of the fragments in the articles. In addition, after comparing the former and new images of the same manuscript, it was found that BD14521 published by the National Library of China was incomplete, with the first image missing in the printing, while Congcan was consistent with the one released in the International Dunhuang Project, and was complete. By taking the former and current collectors of manuscripts as clues, and combining the postscripts, titles, seals, and other related information on the manuscripts, it can be seen that in the early transactions, antique dealers and booksellers sought to maximize their profits, and there was a common phenomenon of splitting manuscripts. After splitting, the fragments of similar content tended to be restitched together into booklets or long scrolls for circulation. Some collectors might repair their stored fragments by imitating the original calligraphic style and compose type, rather than blindly supplementing the entire text and pursuing a complete version. This can be regarded as an early thought of reconstructing the fragments to some extent.Meanwhile, due to objective technical limitations and subjective outdated concepts, literature published in the early period is inevitably subject to certain flaws. Some of the copies in Congcan have blurred and distorted edges and some of the copies are not directly based on the original. Furthermore, all of the manuscripts in Congcan are one-sided written, as Luo Zhenyu selectively chose some double-written manuscripts, omitting the side he deemed unimportant.As academic research advances, compared with our predecessors, we have more diverse and convenient ways to obtain various literature. While making full use of convenient databases and high-definition color images, we should also pay attention to the literature published in Congcan and other early periodicals. These printed materials from the early stage may be closer to the original appearance of the manuscripts and may contain some information that is almost impossible to verify but is nonetheless very important.
Key wordspioneering stage of Dunhuang Studies    Zhensongtang Cang Xichui Miji Congcan    Luo Zhenyu    Dunhuang manuscripts    scatter of manuscripts   
收稿日期: 2023-01-17     
基金资助:国家社科基金冷门绝学项目(20VJXT012)
作者简介: 周思敏(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-4674),女,浙江大学古籍研究所博士研究生,主要从事敦煌写本研究;张涌泉(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3065-7199),男,浙江大学古籍研究所、浙江大学汉语史研究中心教授,浙江大学文科资深教授,博士生导师,文学博士,主要从事敦煌学研究;
引用本文:   
周思敏, 张涌泉. 敦煌学草创时期刊布的敦煌文献资料价值试论[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2023, 53(5): 5-19. Zhou Simin, Zhang Yongquan. The Value of Dunhuang Literature Published in Pioneering Stage: A Case Study of Zhensongtang Cang Xichui Miji Congcan. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2023, 53(5): 5-19.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2023.01.178     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2023/V53/I5/5
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