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中国司法文明发展的轨迹(2015-2019)——以中国司法文明指数为分析工具的研究
张保生 王殿玺
The Development Trajectory of China’s Judicial Civilization (2015-2019):Employing the Chinese Justice Index as Analytical Tool
ZhangBaosheng  WangDianxi

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摘要 

2015-2019年,中国司法文明水平处于“及格”并向上发展的评价区间,但存在省际不同步与区域不平衡等问题。司法文明各项指标随时间演进呈现出的梯级变化轨迹,以及年度指标数值间一定的起伏性和波动性,既表明我国司法文明进步是一个曲折的上升过程,持续加强司法文明各领域建设非常重要;又暴露出司法文明内在结构维度发展的不同步和不均衡,呈现出高低有异的差序格局,从而揭示了司法文明不同维度协同发展的必要性。在司法文明十个一级指标中,司法权力、当事人诉讼权利和司法公开,民事、刑事、行政三大诉讼程序,是体现我国司法文明进步的六个长项,而证据制度、司法腐败遏制、法律职业化与司法文化则是我国司法文明建设的四个短板,也是我国司法文明建设的未来方向。

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张保生 王殿玺
Abstract

In the context of advancing the rule of law in an all-round way, the Third Plenary Session and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC successively proposed that a scientific rule of law construction index system and assessment standards should be established, and a third-party evaluation mechanism should be introduced in the construction of the rule of law and judicial reform to better monitor the effects of judicial civilization development. The establishment and improvement of the judicial civilization evaluation mechanism is conducive to promoting the comprehensive construction of Chinese judicial civilization in various fields.It helps to advance Chinese judicial civilization at the world level. However, the practice of judicial evaluation, shows various and significantly differing results. For example, the average score of Chinese justice in the ″WJP Rule of Law Index″ from 2015 to 2020 is less than 50 points, which contrasts with the results of the self-evaluation by the domestic judicial agencies or the entrusted third-party evaluation, which appear to be unreasonably high, with an average of over 80 points. The contrast in the results of various evaluation systems has raised concerns over the actual level of Chinese judicial development. Based on an analysis of the survey data from the Chinese Justice Index 2015-2019, this article attempts to reveal the development trajectory and overall level of Chinese judicial civilization in the past five years, and analyze the reasons for the obvious differences of various evaluations, and to foreground the future direction of judicial reform. The main findings of this study are as follows: First of all, the Chinese Justice Index rose from 64.5 points in 2015 to 70 points in 2019,considered a ″passing″ degree indicating that the development of Chinese judicial civilization is progressing, and reflecting the effectiveness of China’s comprehensive promotion of the rule of law and the deepening judicial reforms in recent years. Second, the development of Chinese judicial civilization has problems of inter-provincial asynchronization and regional imbalance. From 2015 to 2019, there were differences in the level of judicial development among different provinces, showing that there were inconsistencies in the inter-provincial comparison. The score of the Chinese Justice Index in the economically developed eastern regions was higher than that of the central and western regions, which indicates that there are regional differences in the degree of judicial civilization development between the eastern, central and western regions, but these differences are gradually shrinking. Third, the development of the internal structure of judicial civilization is not synchronized, and shows a different ordering pattern, indicating that there is a structural imbalance in the construction of judicial civilization, so it is necessary to maintain the coordination of different dimensions of judicial civilization. At the same time, the indicators of judicial civilization show the trajectory of stepped changes with the passage of time, and the fluctuations between the annual values of indicators, indicating that the progress of judicial civilization is a fluctuating process with a rising overall trend, so it is more important to emphasize the sustainable development of judicial civilization. Finally, through the analysis of five-year survey data from the Chinese Justice Index, we also found that judicial powers, litigant rights, civil judicial procedures, criminal justice procedures, administrative judicial procedures and judicial publicity constitute the main dimensions of judicial civilization progress or strength, while the evidence system, judicial corruption containment, legal professionalization and judicial culture are the weak points. Therefore, in order to carry out judicial system reform, strengthening the construction of weak indicators in judicial civilization such as judicial culture, legal professionalization, and protection of the rights of litigants, as well as improving the judicial reform evaluation mechanism.

    
引用本文:   
张保生 王殿玺. 中国司法文明发展的轨迹(2015-2019)——以中国司法文明指数为分析工具的研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2020, 6(6): 5-. ZhangBaosheng  WangDianxi. The Development Trajectory of China’s Judicial Civilization (2015-2019):Employing the Chinese Justice Index as Analytical Tool. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2020, 6(6): 5-.
链接本文:  
https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2020.09.073      或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2020/V6/I6/5
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