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政府与市场:英美两国基层医疗卫生系统改革进程对我国的启示
赵大海 陆露露
The Government and the Market: Experiences from the Transformation of the Primary Health Systems in the United Kingdom and the United States and Their Implications to China
Zhao Dahai Lu Lulu

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摘要 

英美两国的基层医疗卫生系统改革分别走了一条由政府全面管制到逐步市场化运行和从自由市场到政府管制的相反道路,这为我国如何处理政府与市场的关系以及基层医疗卫生系统的改革提供了重要的经验和教训。我国基层医疗卫生系统改革应坚持政府管制为主与市场为辅的原则,改革的首要目标是保障机构的公益性运行。为实现该目标,政府应调整大医院在医疗卫生体系中的功能定位,使基层医疗卫生机构与大医院之间的竞争关系转变为协作关系;统一与明确政府对基层医疗卫生机构的财政投入依据、水平与监管,以消除机构和医务人员的逐利行为动机;政府应进一步出台支持私立基层医疗卫生机构发展的政策,允许部分公立基层医疗卫生机构合法转为私立机构。

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赵大海 陆露露
Abstract

The relationship between the government and the market has been recognized as crucial to reforming the social and economic system in China. Based on an extensive analysis on the operation mechanism of the primary health system in the United Kingdom and the United States which have been transformed in the opposite direction for the last half century, this paper aims to compare and identify the outcomes of varying relationships between the government and the market in the two countries' primary health systems. Based on the findings, we hope that this paper provides proper policy implications for the national policymakers in China. The analyses on the transformation process of primary health care systems in the UK and the US show that three common experiences have been offered to the reforms on China's health care system. First of all, the function and position of primary health institutions among the health care system are defined by the federal law and regulations. Furthermore, the relationship between primary health institutions and hospitals which is cooperative rather than competitive is also regulated by the federal law. Secondly, the government must coexist with the market. Specifically, the free-market reform or fully planned reform on the primary health care system in the US and UK has been proved impractical. Thirdly, the priority of the relationship between the government and the market should be determined by the present principal contradiction of the country's health care system. Notably, the profit-driven mechanism has been confirmed as the principal contradiction of China's health care system. Moreover, the public-oriented mechanism of the primary health care system has been recognized as the primary objective of China's health care reforms. Regarding the complex relationship between the primary health care system and the social and economic system, the government should play the first role in the primary health care system reforms, while the market also takes its supplementary responsibility. To realize the public-oriented operation of the primary health care system in China, three suggestions are offered as follows. Firstly, the relationship between primary health institutions and hospitals should be transformed from rivals into partners through can celations of basic health care functions of hospitals. Secondly, providing sufficient subsidies is indispensible to ensuring the public-oriented operation of primary health institutions. In addition, inputting sufficient subsidies should be based on the uniform subsidy evidence, methods, surveillance, and the full-cost accountings of primary health institutions. Thirdly, to strive to develop private primary health institutions is crucial for the long-term and stable operations of the primary health system in China. Specifically, increasing private primary health institutions is not only indispensible for the effectiveness of the market in the health care system, but it is also relieving the fiscal burdens on the local governments.

    
引用本文:   
赵大海 陆露露. 政府与市场:英美两国基层医疗卫生系统改革进程对我国的启示[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2017, 3(4): 108-. Zhao Dahai Lu Lulu. The Government and the Market: Experiences from the Transformation of the Primary Health Systems in the United Kingdom and the United States and Their Implications to China. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2017, 3(4): 108-.
链接本文:  
https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2017/V3/I4/108
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