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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2024, Vol. 54 Issue (1): 99-111    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2023.07.268
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世界文化遗产价值阐释与空间表达的建构模式研究
赵云
中国文化遗产研究院,北京 100029
A Study of the Construction Models of World Cultural Heritage Value Interpretation and Spatial Expression
Zhao Yun
China Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100029, China

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摘要 价值阐释和空间表达是世界文化遗产的意义再生产、空间再生产的基本途径。二者建构形成世界文化遗产体系的双重运动模型,揭示了该体系的发展机制和动力。作为世界文化遗产体系中的主流话语和主动机制,价值阐释的理想是将自上而下的规则调整为共享的表象系统,实现主体间的意义建构,最大限度追求文化过程的集体成就。作为隐蔽话语和被动机制,空间表达对价值阐释具有增强或制约作用。当二者方向一致时,会共同推动世界文化遗产体系进步和遗产地可持续发展。过于强调价值阐释的推动作用而忽视空间表达的制约作用,会导致社会空间生产对意义建构的反抗,造成世界文化遗产体系发展的困境。
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赵云
关键词 世界文化遗产文化过程空间生产价值阐释空间表达双重运动    
Abstract:Over the last 50 years, the world heritage endeavor has developed and achieved remarkable influence and accomplishments. It has protected the shared heritage of humanity and transformed the way we value and safeguard heritage. However, the world heritage system continues to face numerous questions and challenges from both the academia and society. Critical heritage studies and cultural heritage spatial production researches have provided theoretical tools and insights for addressing these questions and challenges, as well as for understanding and resolving specific issues. This paper attempts to integrate the theoretical tools and research findings of critical heritage studies and cultural heritage spatial production researches, focusing on the overall world cultural heritage system to reveal its development characteristics and patterns.The world cultural heritage system features coexisting cultural and spatial processes, with value interpretation and spatial expression constituting the essence of these two processes. Value interpretation serves as the mainstream discourse and active mechanism, while spatial expression operates as the covert discourse and passive mechanism. Together they form the basic means of reproducing and regenerating the significance and spatiality of world cultural heritage. There are three stages of world cultural heritage practice: tentative listing, nomination, and management and monitoring, each corresponding to different cultural processes. These stages encompass the initial identification of world heritage, subsequent re-identification and integration of rationalization processes, and the enhancement of heritage identity and broadening of its influence through rationalization. A layered evolution from spiritual space to physical and social spaces also occurs in spatial terms.Although value interpretation discourse occupies the mainstream in official expressions, it is inseparable from spatial discourse. This paper examines the driving and restraining factors of the world cultural heritage system’s development from the perspectives of cultural processes and spatial production, constructing a double movement model of value interpretation and spatial expression. This model provides a theoretical framework for studying the genesis and development mechanisms of the world cultural heritage system and offers a comprehensive, dialectical analysis and approaches to addressing various manifest or latent issues within the system.In the double movement model of the world cultural heritage system, the first movement is value interpretation, which promotes the system through identity formation and rationalization mechanisms. The ideal practice of value interpretation is to adjust top-down rules into a shared representational system, achieving inter-subjective meaning-making and pursuing collective achievement to the greatest extent. As a cultural process, it generally presents characteristics of inequality in specific rules, sharing of collective outcomes, coexistence of authority in temporal cross-sections, and negotiation from a diachronic perspective. The second movement is spatial expression, which constrains the direction and speed of the value interpretation movement and keeps the world cultural heritage system dynamic. Compared with the cultural processes driven by value interpretation practice, the spatial processes of world cultural heritage involve more complex relationships and diverse demands among international organizations, states, areas, experts, and other stakeholders. Spatial attributes continuously accumulate as the practice progresses, producing and reproducing world cultural heritage spaces. Due to the presence of the second movement, the gap between “top-down rules” and “shared representational systems” in value interpretation becomes apparent through spatial practice and representations of space, forming multiple tensions in representational spaces.From the perspective of the development mechanisms and dynamics of the world cultural heritage system, when the movements of value interpretation and spatial expression are aligned, they promote the progress of the system and the sustainable development of heritage sites. When these movements are not aligned, they constrain the development of the world cultural heritage system and heritage sites. Overemphasizing the driving role of value interpretation while neglecting the restraining role of spatial expression can provoke resistance from social spatial production to meaning construction, leading to difficulties in the system’s development. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the spatial attributes of world cultural heritage, deepen our understanding of the spatial production of world cultural heritage in different dimensions, and connect value interpretation with spatial expression, promoting their coordination.Based on our understanding of the production and reproduction mechanisms of world cultural heritage, we can engage in this field with a more proactive attitude and aspiration. Building on China’s extensive world cultural heritage practice over the last 40 years, we can conduct in-depth researches into identity and rationalization mechanisms in the value interpretation practice of world cultural heritage, draw on these experiences to form a Chinese discourse system, and incorporate it into international dialogues. Meanwhile, we can construct a compatibility mechanism for world cultural heritage value interpretation and spatial expression as a means to explore new spatial features of world cultural heritage, contributing Chinese solutions to the sustainable development of the world cultural heritage system.
Key wordsworld cultural heritage    cultural processes    spatial production    value interpretation    spatial expression    double movement   
收稿日期: 2023-07-26     
作者简介: 赵云(https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4103-9372),女,中国文化遗产研究院中国世界文化遗产中心主任,研究馆员,主要从事世界文化遗产、文物保护规划研究;
引用本文:   
赵云. 世界文化遗产价值阐释与空间表达的建构模式研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2024, 54(1): 99-111. Zhao Yun. A Study of the Construction Models of World Cultural Heritage Value Interpretation and Spatial Expression. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2024, 54(1): 99-111.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2023.07.268     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2024/V54/I1/99
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