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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2021, Vol. 51 Issue (1): 145-154    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN.33-6000/C.2019.05.162
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从古代旅游到现代旅游:以旅游与卧游的关联为线索
庞学铨, 方芳
浙江大学 人文学院,浙江 杭州 310058
From Ancient to Modern Tourism in China: Changes in Connotations Between Lüyou and Woyou as a Key to Understanding Developments
Pang Xuequan, Fang Fang
College of Humanities, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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摘要 中国古代旅游的研究意义一直是悬而未决的问题,而从汉语“游”一词的语义发生、转变、深化的历史入手,可对这个问题有所观照。旅游具有游文化的共时性和历时性的内涵:在共时中,旅游保留了游的哲学、美学意味;在历时中,足不出户的“卧”与失其本居的“旅”对立,构造了卧游与旅游之间的关联。在对游史的研究中发现,宗炳通过对旅游的感悟,改造了古代道教的卧游养生术,形成了卧游审美观、哲学观。而在晚明,卧游的世俗化也与现代旅游的兴起有着重要关联。因此,卧游在中国古代旅游与现代旅游的意蕴转变中具有承上启下的功能。卧游也成为旅游想象,融入现代旅游实践和旅游体验之中。
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Abstract:An extensive literature on ancient tourism, focusing on the history of tourism as well as tourism culture, economics, and geography, is now widely available, but the significance of these researches has always been problematic: lacking a clear connection with modern tourism, the effectiveness of ancient tourism studies appears limited. Our approach to challenging this status quo can be summarized into three questions: Why do we need to study the meaning of tourism in ancient Chinese culture? Why is tourism, as practiced in contemporary China, not a straightforward inheritance of ancient Chinese tourism, so that the internal logic of its development is chaotic and research meanings disconnected? And how can we connect the paths between ancient Chinese culture and the philosophy of contemporary tourism?Starting with an understanding of how connotations of the character “you” (游)have formed and changed over time, this paper explores the synchronicity and chronological connotations of “lüyou” (旅游) in ancient Chinese culture. In the synchronic form, lüyou retains the philosophical and aesthetic meaning of “you”. In the chronological state, there is a connection and difference between tourism and “woyou” (卧游) that has formed through “wo” (卧). As opposed to “wo”, where one does not leave the house, “lü” refers to leaving the residence. From the perspective of linguistic semiotics, woyou has the function of a link throughout the transformation of ancient Chinese tourism into modern tourism.In a word, modern tourism is not a direct inheritance of ancient tourism, nor should it simply be regarded as the superficialization of ancient tourism. The richness of the connotations of tourism concepts gradually changes with the generation and development of meaning within the same synchronic characteristics and diachronicity of differences. During the Tsung Ping period of the Southern Song Dynasty, the practice of woyou took form. In the late Ming Dynasty, tourism and woyou continued to develop, interacting and integrating. The integration of lüyou and woyou helped develop a modern tourism that combines the intrinsic motivations of the subject and the external motivations driven by information. At the same time, woyou has become a tourism imaginary integrated into modern tourism practice and the tourism experience. Such an understanding not only makes the distinction between ancient Chinese tourism and contemporary tourism characteristics clear and rigorous, but also links the relationship between ancient Chinese culture and modern tourism and, further more, makes the integration of far-reaching Chinese cultural perspectives in the study of tourism possible.
收稿日期: 2019-05-16     
作者简介: 庞学铨(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7368-865X),男,浙江大学人文学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事休闲学、现象学研究;;方芳(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7096-7717),女,浙江大学人文学院博士后研究人员,主要从事休闲旅游学、现象学研;
引用本文:   
庞学铨, 方芳. 从古代旅游到现代旅游:以旅游与卧游的关联为线索[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2021, 51(1): 145-154. Pang Xuequan, Fang Fang. From Ancient to Modern Tourism in China: Changes in Connotations Between Lüyou and Woyou as a Key to Understanding Developments. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2021, 51(1): 145-154.
链接本文:  
https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN.33-6000/C.2019.05.162     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2021/V51/I1/145
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