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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2013, Vol. 43 Issue (3): 45-52    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.2012.12.061
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哲学与逻辑: 百年回眸
朱建平
Logic and Philosophy: A OneHundredYear Review
Zhu Jianping

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摘要 

自弗雷格的《概念文字》发表以来,现代逻辑已历经百余年的发展,其中逻辑和哲学的交叠和互动关系构成了现代逻辑发展的一个重要侧面和不可或缺的组成部分。一方面逻辑和哲学彼此独立,另一方面两者又相互补充,相互取予。哲学哺育逻辑,逻辑反哺哲学。20世纪许多哲学分支的进步和发展与现代逻辑所提供的严格的分析技术是密不可分的。逻辑几乎影响了整个语言哲学的风格,也为形而上学、元伦理学和心智哲学提供了丰富的资源。逻辑提供了各种形而上学理论发展的基本框架,有时甚至在哲学中扮演着中立仲裁者角色。逻辑的百年事实上是逻辑与哲学互动性发展和交叠式共生的百年,而这种深刻和复杂的关系只有在一个广阔的逻辑哲学和哲学逻辑的背景下,透过语言的层面才能被充分理解和揭示。

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朱建平
关键词 逻辑哲学语言逻辑和哲学的互动    
Abstract

Logic has been playing an important role in philosophy over the past hundred years. This role has been reflected not only in their increasing inner relations in theory, but also in the close relationship between logic and the Vienna Circle, logical positivism and analytical philosophy in practice. Logic and philosophy are mutually independent. Logic addresses itself to the study of consequence relationship while philosophy addresses relatively more open and general issues. Logic and philosophy are also interdependent. Logic depends on the basic presupposition of philosophy. Conceptual issues of logic can only be effectively dealt with by strictlytrained philosophical thinkers. Philosophy provides nourishment for the growth of logic. Quite a few causal attributions of logical development come from comprehensive philosophical issues. Philosophical issues of logic itself give impetus to the development of other areas of logic. On the other hand, philosophy depends on logic. Logic provides philosophy with precise technical terms and logistic systems to optimize and communicate philosophical discourse. Logic can be used in the discussion of philosophical issues by means of statement, clarification and derivation. The relationship between logic and philosophy can only be fully understood through language in both dynamic and static analyses. Dynamic analysis proclaims the historic significance of the interplay between logic and philosophy at the language level. Aristotle logic has the features of ancient dialectics. Medieval logic is featured by ontology and linguistic philosophy. Kant explained logic from the perspective of epistemology. Bolzano and Mill linked logic to methodology. Leibniz, Boole and Frege developed mathematics in logic. Around 1900, modern logic began to have its philosophical motivation. Several philosophical principles (e.g. logicism and Russells misleading form thesis) built up on the basis of ideal logic were proposed. Thereafter, Carnap and Hempel started scientific philosophy in logic, and Wittgenstein and Austin started a ″Natural Language Turn″ in philosophical analysis. Hintikka, Geach, Kripke, Rachel, Lewis, Montague and Stalnaker extended logic to the analyses of modal, time, knowledge, responsibility, action and counterfactuals. The structure of the linguistic interaction between logic and philosophy emerges in static analysis. We may examine such interesting philosophical issues as the logical structure of natural language, the metaphysical relationship between the whole and its parts, the jurisdiction of faith and code of conduct, etc., go on to describe the logical mathematical structure which shows the features of these objects, and study these objects by examining their structure.

Key wordslogic    philosophy    language    interaction between logic and philosophy   
    
引用本文:   
朱建平. 哲学与逻辑: 百年回眸[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2013, 43(3): 45-52. Zhu Jianping. Logic and Philosophy: A OneHundredYear Review. , 2013, 43(3): 45-52.
链接本文:  
https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.2012.12.061     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2013/V43/I3/45
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