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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2022, Vol. 49 Issue (1): 96-104    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.01.013
地球科学     
杭州城市建设用地扩张的时空演变分析
卢奂(),王睿飏,范今朝()
浙江大学 地球科学学院,浙江 杭州 310027
Spatiotemporal changes of construction land expansion in Hangzhou city
Huan LU(),Ruiyang WANG,Jinzhao FAN()
School of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China
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摘要:

基于杭州市1914—2018年间6期近代地图与遥感影像数据,通过目视解译数字化的近代地图,使用面向对象的分类方式对CORONA、Landsat TM和OLI影像进行分类并提取建设用地数据,计算扩张速度、重心变化、景观格局指数和增长类型,分析建设用地的扩张过程与扩张模式。结果表明:(1)近百年来杭州城市建设用地扩张明显,扩张过程主要集中在改革开放后。(2)杭州城市重心经历了“北—西北—北—东南—南”的变化过程,由向单一方向扩张转变为多方向均衡发展的态势。(3)建设用地扩张过程基本符合“扩散—融合”假说;城市核心区呈现蛙跳增长、填充增长、边缘增长依次主导的螺旋式发展过程,研究区域整体表现为边缘增长始终占相对重要地位的特征。(4)通过近代地图与遥感影像的集成分析,为长时间尺度的城市研究提供了一种路径。

关键词: 建设用地城市扩张增长类型景观格局杭州    
Abstract:

This study is based on historical maps and remote sensing images of Hangzhou in 6 time periods from 1914 to 2018, construction land data is extracted through visually interpreting digital historical maps and classifying CORONA, Landsat TM and OLI images using object-oriented method. Construction land expansion process and expansion mode are investigated by calculating expansion speed, gravity change, landscape metrics and growth types. The results show that: (1) Hangzhou's construction land has been significantly expanded during the past hundred years, and the expansion process took place mainly after the beginning of reform and opening up. (2) Hangzhou's urban gravity has moved along the way of "north-northwest-north-southeast-south", from single direction expansion to balanced development in multiple direction. (3) Construction land expansion process basically conforms to the "diffusion-coalesce" hypothesis. A spiral process excessively dominated by leapfrogging, infilling and edge-expansion is shown in the urban core area, while the mode of edge-expansion always occupies a relatively significant role in the whole research area. (4) The integrated analysis based on historical maps and remote sensing images provides a feasible way for long-term urban research.

Key words: construction land    urban expansion    growth type    landscape pattern    Hangzhou
收稿日期: 2020-11-30 出版日期: 2022-01-18
CLC:  K 928.5  
基金资助: 浙江大学地球科学学院研究基金资助项目
通讯作者: 范今朝     E-mail: luhuan@zju.edu.cn;jzfan@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 卢奂(1996—),ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-6078,女,硕士研究生,主要从事城市地理研究,E-mail:luhuan@zju.edu.cn.
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引用本文:

卢奂, 王睿飏, 范今朝. 杭州城市建设用地扩张的时空演变分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2022, 49(1): 96-104.

Huan LU, Ruiyang WANG, Jinzhao FAN. Spatiotemporal changes of construction land expansion in Hangzhou city. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2022, 49(1): 96-104.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2022.01.013        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2022/V49/I1/96

图1  研究区域来源于2018版《浙江省行政区划图》,审图号:浙S(2018)162号。
时间类型

比例尺或

分辨率

来源
1914年浙江省五万分之一地形图1∶5×104《民国浙江地形图》27
1931—1934年杭州市、杭县都图乡镇地图1∶5×104《杭州都图地图集(1931—1934)》28
1969-02-11CORONA全色波段1.83 m“锁眼”卫星
1985-01-11Landsat 5 TM30 mLandsat 5
2000-05-04Landsat 7 TM15 mLandsat 7
2018-05-02Landsat 8 OLI15 mLandsat 8
表1  数据源参数
图2  杭州城市建设用地数据
景观格局指数符号定义
斑块占景观面积/%PLAND某斑块类型占全部景观面积的比例
平均斑块面积/hm2MPS某斑块类型面积的平均值
斑块面积标准差PSSD某斑块类型的面积标准差
斑块密度/(个·hm-2PD单位面积内某斑块类型的数量,表征景观的破碎程度,PD值越大,景观破碎度越大
边缘密度/(m·hm-2ED单位面积内某斑块类型的边缘长度,表征景观边界的分割程度,ED值越大,斑块越不规则,形状越复杂
平均欧式最邻近距离/mENN_MN某斑块类型中各斑块到最邻近斑块的欧式距离平均值,表征景观的连通度,ENN_MN值越大,景观连通度越小
表2  景观格局指数定义
年份建设用地面积/km2扩张速度/(km2·a-1
191417.58
193434.780.86
1969111.142.18
1985133.241.38
2000208.144.99
2018518.3917.24
表3  杭州城市建设用地面积及扩张速度
图3  建设用地重心转移
年份PLANDMPSPSSDPDEDENN_MN
19142.076.3129.350.333.55649.99
19344.1128.00166.390.154.33762.32
196912.889.8285.191.3119.99394.70
198515.7319.63263.270.8015.47474.92
200024.5337.62528.060.6422.68422.64
201860.60323.013324.200.1922.30397.81
表4  建设用地景观格局指数
图4  城市核心区范围
年份城市核心区研究区域整体
蛙跳增长/ %边缘增长/ %填充增长/ %蛙跳增长/ %边缘增长/ %填充增长/ %
1914—193476.2621.861.8847.4150.801.79
1934—196940.1028.1831.7248.1648.643.19
1969—198532.306.5561.1519.4121.8258.77
1985—200025.1844.2930.538.5567.2524.20
2000—20182.9267.5629.502.9767.5327.54
表5  杭州城市建设用地增长类型及其占比
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