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浙江大学学报（理学版）
浙江大学学报（理学版）  2019, Vol. 46 Issue (2): 202-208    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2019.02.007
生命科学     
牡丹草地下芽的形态分化与生长特征研究
刘雪莲1, 张力凡1, 秦佳梅1, 杨允菲2,*, 朱俊义1
1.通化师范学院生命科学学院，吉林通化 134002
2.东北师范大学草地科学研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室，吉林长春130024
Study on morphological differentiation and growth rhythm of underground buds of spring ephemeroid plant Gymnospermium microrrhynchum
Xuelian LIU1, Lifan ZHANG1, Jiamei QIN1, Yunfei YANG2,*, Junyi ZHU1
1.College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University，Tonghua 134002， Jilin Province, China
2.Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024， China
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摘要： 采用解剖镜、扫描电镜技术，对长白山早春类短命植物牡丹草地下芽形态分化进行了观察，并采用游标卡尺测定各阶段芽体大小，研究地下芽的生长发育节律。发现牡丹草地上生活周期结束后，地下贮藏器官需要休眠2个月左右，于7月中下旬，地下芽开始出现形态分化和发育。其进程可分为萌芽期、花序原基分化期、花序形成期和花器官分化期4个时期，历经2个月左右，最终以发育成熟的花序进行越冬休眠。连续测定和相关分析表明，在整个夏眠期，牡丹草地下芽的茎高、芽长、芽径均随时间指数生长，茎高和芽长、芽径之间以及芽长与芽径之间呈幂函数规律异速生长，且相关系数均达到极显著水平。 牡丹草块茎需短暂休眠后完成地下芽的形态建成，地下芽茎高、芽长和芽径的增长具有不同步性和阶段性优先伸长的异速生长特性。
关键词： 类短命植物;  牡丹草;  地下芽;  形态分化;  异速生长    
Abstract: In order to reveal the individual development pattern of underground bud of Gymnospermium microrrhynchum, a spring ephemeroid plant from the Changbai Mountains, China, we have observed the organogenesis and growth of underground buds. The development process and growth rhythm of underground buds were observed and studied by anatomic and scanning electron microscope micrography observation, and the buds size was determinated through regular excavating underground tubers of G. microrrhynchum in summer dormancy. Our results showed that the tubers of G. microrrhynchum switched to dormancy for two months after plants died at the end of May, and bud differentiation began in mid-to-late of July. The differentiation period was divided into sprout stage, inflorescence primordium differentiation, inflorescence formative and floral organ differentiation stage. The whole process would take about two months. When the buds finished morphogenesis, they continued underground growth, and went into dormancy by forming mature inflorescences ultimately. During the entire summer dormancy, the stalk height, bud length and bud diameter of the underground bud of G. microrrhynchum grew exponentially. Meanwhile, there was significant allometric growth in the form of a power function between the stalk height and bud length, bud diameter and length and bud diameter. So we have got the conclusion that the tubers of G. microrrhynchum need short dormancy to complete underground bud formation. And, there is a significant allometric relationship between periodic increases in stalk height, bud elongation and bud diameter increase.
Key words: spring ephemeroid plant    Gymnospermium microrrhynchum    underground bud    morphological differentiation    allometric growth
收稿日期: 2017-09-30 出版日期: 2019-03-25
CLC:  Q948  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（31170180）； 吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目（JJKH20180866KJ）.
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刘雪莲
张力凡
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杨允菲
朱俊义

引用本文:

刘雪莲, 张力凡, 秦佳梅, 杨允菲, 朱俊义. 牡丹草地下芽的形态分化与生长特征研究[J]. 浙江大学学报（理学版）, 2019, 46(2): 202-208.

Xuelian LIU, Lifan ZHANG, Jiamei QIN, Yunfei YANG, Junyi ZHU. Study on morphological differentiation and growth rhythm of underground buds of spring ephemeroid plant Gymnospermium microrrhynchum. Journal of ZheJIang University(Science Edition), 2019, 46(2): 202-208.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2019.02.007    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2019/V46/I2/202

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