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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2023, Vol. 50 Issue (3): 332-345    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2023.03.011
地球科学     
近岸海域水质污染因子空间特征和来源研究
张哲宣1,厉子龙1(),叶虹2,金芳芳2,魏泽慧1,何娜2,张明志1,陈燕婷1
1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021
2.温州市生态环境局 瑞安分局,浙江 温州 325200
Spatial characteristics and sources of water pollution in nearshore area: A case study on the nearshore area of Ruian in southern Zhejiang
Zhexuan ZHANG1,Zilong LI1(),Hong YE2,Fangfang JIN2,Zehui WEI1,Na HE2,Mingzhi ZHANG1,Yanting CHEN1
1.Ocean College,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316021,Zhejiang Province,China
2.Ruian Branch,Bureau of Ecology and Environment of Wenzhou City,Wenzhou 325200,Zhejiang Province,China
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摘要:

近岸海域的环境污染特征和污染来源是区域海洋环境保护的两大关键问题。以浙南瑞安市近岸海域为例,于2020年5月开展16个站位的海洋环境调查和表层海水采样,通过室内分析测试,共获得12项水质参数(盐度、溶解氧、化学需氧量、无机氮、活性磷酸盐、汞、镉、铅、铬、砷、锌、铜)数据,采用污染评价、多元数理统计分析(通过SPSS实现)及空间异质性分析(通过ArcGIS实现)等方法,较深入地探究了瑞安市近岸海域环境污染的空间特征和污染来源。研究结果表明,瑞安市近岸海域水质总体情况良好,各水质参数变异系数较大,部分海域的无机氮和活性磷酸盐明显超标。采用营养指数法进行评价,得到飞云江近口段和河口段的富营养化最严重;采用氮磷比法进行评价,得到北麂列岛周边海域发生赤潮灾害的风险更大。依据聚类分析结果,可将研究海域分为污染特征各异的4个区域。依据主成分分析结果,推测瑞安市近岸海域水体中营养盐、化学需氧量的主要污染源为农业,而重金属污染的可能来源为电镀、零件加工企业和船舶等。

关键词: 瑞安市近岸海域水质污染空间特征污染源    
Abstract:

Pollution characteristics and pollution sources of nearshore environment are two key issues for regional Marine environment protection. In this paper, the nearshore area of the Ruian in southern Zhejiang were taken for case study. In May 2020, marine environment investigation and surface water samplings at 16 stations, and analysis of 12 water quality parameters (Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, Dissolved Inorganic Phosphate, Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Zinc and Copper) for each station were carried out. The pollution evaluation, multivariate statistical methods (using SPSS) and spatial analysis (using ArcGIS) were used to explore the spatial characteristics and pollution sources. The results showed that the sea water quality of the Ruian nearshore area was generally good; however dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphate in water exceeded the Chinese Standard seriously (worse than the fourth class) in some areas. The evaluation results using the eutrophication index method showed that the eutrophication was the most serious in the near estuarine area of Feiyun River. The evaluation results using the nitrogen phosphorus ratio showed that there was a great risk of red tide around the Beiji islands. According to the results of cluster analysis, the study area can be divided into four parts with different pollution characteristics. According to the results of principal component analysis, the main source of nutrition and chemical oxygen demand are probably due to agriculture, while heavy metal pollution may come from electroplating, parts processing and shipping.

Key words: Ruian nearshore area    water quality    pollution spatial characteristics    sources of pollution
收稿日期: 2022-04-11 出版日期: 2023-05-19
CLC:  X 82  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划“西太平洋地球系统多圈层相互作用”重点项目(91858213);浙江大学国际合作专项;2020年瑞安市海洋环境监测及公报编制项目;浙江海域资源赋存特征和勘探关键技术项目(KY2020-KC-09)
通讯作者: 厉子龙     E-mail: zilongli@zju.edu.cn
作者简介: 张哲宣(1997—),ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3022-4211,男,硕士研究生,主要从事海洋环境相关研究.
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引用本文:

张哲宣,厉子龙,叶虹,金芳芳,魏泽慧,何娜,张明志,陈燕婷. 近岸海域水质污染因子空间特征和来源研究[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2023, 50(3): 332-345.

Zhexuan ZHANG,Zilong LI,Hong YE,Fangfang JIN,Zehui WEI,Na HE,Mingzhi ZHANG,Yanting CHEN. Spatial characteristics and sources of water pollution in nearshore area: A case study on the nearshore area of Ruian in southern Zhejiang. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2023, 50(3): 332-345.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2023.03.011        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2023/V50/I3/332

图1  浙江近岸2010—2018年月累计赤潮次数
图2  研究区位置和采样站位布设示意
水质参数瑞安市近岸2020年5月

标准

偏差

变异

系数/%

一类

标准

单一指标所属类别

杭州湾新区近岸

2018年4月

宁德市近岸

2017年全年

符号单位最大值最小值平均值
S32.013.726.75.91322.18-
DOmg·L-17.265.466.810.4797.046二类8.107.55
CODmg·L-12.240.220.930.57861.902二类1.170.60
DIPmg·L-10.0590.0150.0340.01439.760.015劣四类0.0480.029
DINmg·L-10.7260.2070.3720.16343.900.2劣四类1.2600.363
Crμg·L-12.1150.3450.8020.50663.0750一类1.100
Cuμg·L-18.1651.4203.2081.79655.985二类2.8001.210
Znμg·L-130.21510.45516.9135.96235.2520二类18.000
Asμg·L-12.1601.4201.7470.23813.6120一类1.780
Cdμg·L-10.1150.0000.0310.031100.271一类0.0800.050
Hgμg·L-10.1650.0100.0360.039109.420.05三类0.0270.010
Pbμg·L-15.9200.1250.6201.415228.261三类0.9100.390
表1  瑞安市近岸海域水质参数特征及跨区域对比
图3  2020年我国管辖海域水质状况分布图注 底图来自《2020年中国海洋生态环境状况公报》。
图4  瑞安市近岸海域富营养化和赤潮风险空间图解
图5  瑞安市近岸海域16个站位系统聚类树状图
图6  瑞安市近岸海域聚类分区
水质参数SDOCODDIPDINCrCuZnAsCdHgPb
S1.000
DO0.874**1.000
COD-0.844**-0.683**1.000
DIP-0.689**-0.636**0.756**1.000
DIN-0.797**-0.810**0.620**0.650**1.000
Cr-0.157-0.2670.2170.2200.2291.000
Cu-0.419-0.626**0.2970.3860.557*0.0221.000
Zn-0.212-0.461*0.1540.1440.2980.1530.796**1.000
As0.0700.0550.1590.084-0.1660.3850.0100.3201.000
Cd-0.125-0.416-0.132-0.2110.2140.2100.4020.523*0.1911.000
Hg-0.198-0.518*0.1230.1920.363-0.0270.733**0.570*-0.1510.473*1.000
Pb0.1990.133-0.314-0.152-0.225-0.0510.068-0.025-0.367-0.2480.2191.000
表2  瑞安市近岸海域各水质参数相关性系数矩阵
水质参数主成分
F1F2F3F4
S-0.8480.3810.1140.115
DO-0.9440.0190.0790.059
COD0.745-0.5440.0560.040
DIP0.720-0.481-0.0830.228
DIN0.857-0.181-0.148-0.134
Cr0.284-0.0850.5340.546
Cu0.7530.495-0.1540.074
Zn0.5820.6280.2170.126
As0.0740.0270.8670.235
Cd0.3660.6550.362-0.346
Hg0.5610.624-0.2980.054
Pb-0.2060.280-0.6080.643
特征根4.9022.2491.7490.998
贡献率/%40.8518.7414.578.32
累计贡献率/%40.8559.5974.1682.48
表3  主成分载荷矩阵
图7  主成分得分及综合得分空间分布图
图8  各区域主成分特征图解
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