Open-architecture products （OAPs） provide a sustainable product framework for the mass personalized production with features of sustainability， adaptability， upgradability and extendibility. OAPs can meet users needs using the product platform and common interfaces to integrate function modules from different sources. A mathematical model of product open index was proposed to measure the open degree of a product in its life cycle. Based on the technical factors of OAPs， two key indicators， namely compatibility of the product （COP） and life cycle modularity （LCM） were proposed to measure and evaluate the open degree of a product. An industrial paperfolding machine was used in the case study to verify and analyze the proposed method.

To reveal the intrinsic dynamic evolution mechanism process of mechanical product radical innovation， a dissipative structure model and evaluation method of mechanical product radical innovation was proposed based on the catastrophe theory. First of all， the dissipative structure theory and entropy change was narrated. Then， the cusp catastrophe process of mechanical product radical innovation was analyzed by applying the conflict resolution principles of theory of invention problem solving （TRIZ） and the dissipative structure model of mechanical product radical innovation was established. The model pointed out that mechanical product lied in a nonequilibrium open system. Due to the nonlinear interaction among technical subsystems， the macro "huge fluctuations" in the form of cusp catastrophe was generated and consequently came into a new ordered dissipative structure. Finally， the evaluation method of mechanical product radical innovation was proposed based on information entropy theory. The traditional Chinese medicine dropping pill machines was taken as an example to well validate the rationality of the proposed method through quantitative analysis of two different status of dropping pill machines．

In order to help designers generate innovative product solutions using TRIZ and bionics， which were two techniques for systematic innovation, a design process model by integrating TRIZ tools with coupling bionic technology was described. Firstly， a new table of inventive principles for biological functions was presented. Bionic templates were selected for solving conflicts in product using the conflict Matrix 2003， which was realized by Matlab tool. Secondly， the biological prototype tree model was built for making biological coupling analysis， in which analytic hierarchy process was applied to figure out the contribution of coupling elements. By imitating the main coupling elements and/or secondary main ones， different kinds of bionic coupling models for product could be established. Finally， the result of simulation was applied to determine whether the innovative model was better than the currently available ones. [JP2]A case study of designing a fan blade model was used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. According to the result of simulation by Fluent soft， it turned out that for the bionic innovation model， the quality flow rate was increased by 6% and the grade A noise value was reduced by 2% in monitoring points．

In order to study the effect of manufacturing variation on assembly tolerance， a model of assembly tolerance for manufacturing process was proposed. The tolerance model of part surface was established based on the small displacement torsor， the deviation transmission was described by homogeneous transformation matrix， and then a stackup model of geometric error of the process system was established. In the precondition of meeting the assembly constraint， the geometric variation of assembly part was considered and the success rate of assembly was studied by statistical method. Finally， a case study was conducted which analyzed the tolerance of an assembly and the rationality of the proposed model was verified. The model can be used in guiding assembly planning to avoid noassemble feasibility．

In order to have a good knowledge of dynamic characteristic for combined rotor considering preload mistuning, the preload mistuned dynamic model of combined rotor considering interface roughness was established, and the effect of rod preload mistuning on dynamic characteristics of the combined rotor was studied. Then, the influence of rod preload mistuning on stress distribution was obtained. The results showed that vibration increasement was caused by preload force mistuning and the greater of rotor unbalance response with the faster of velocity, more of disk stages and fewer of rod number. The stress distribution of negative mistuning was the same as preload tune condition, whereas the positive mistuning had great effect on structure strength for combined rotor. The maximum stress increased which was caused by mistuning.

Surface texturing has been recognized to be efficient in modifying the tribological performances of relatively moving surface. A theoretical model of mechanical face seal within equally distributed microdimples was developed， the finite difference method was utilized to calculate the hydrodynamic lubrication equation and the dimensionless pressure distribution of the gas film between the face seal was obtained. The effect of the the shape and mixed patterns of the micro-dimples on the average dimensionless pressure p_avof the face seal was also investigated. The results showed that the mixed dimples with different scale had a better performance of dynamic pressure than the seal face which distributed with large or small dimples only under the same shape，the rectangle dimple showed most clearly effect， the improve proportion of dynamic pressure performance ξ₃could be reach to 6.79%. Mixed micro-dimple can improve the hydrodynamic properties of face seal obviously．

In order to analyze the solar irradiation of the offshore photovoltaic floater affected by the dynamic of wave motion, the solar irradiation of conventional photovoltaic installed on land which had the same area of solar cells was compared with to analyze the differences between them. Firstly, the methods of calculating the solar irradiation of tilted plane was summarized and the practicability of using these methods in the ocean circumstance was analyzed. The surface of the waves was simplified to calculate the amplitude and the dynamic of the swinging angle of the floater. Then the floater's hydrodynamic was simulated using the AQWA software. The result of simulation and calculation was almost the same and thus the swinging angle was reliable. Finally, The static model of irradiation calculation was combined with the dynamic swinging angle and the solar irradiation of solar panels in the ocean circumstance which was affected by the dynamic of waves. Compared the result with the irradiation of conventional solar panels that installed with optimum angle, the offshore photovoltaic floater could reach 87.5% of the irradiation of the latter.

In order to solve problems of low design level, long development cycle, poor cutting performance of pick arrangement on drum shearer, the way of pick arrangement and the method of parameters determination were analyzed. A parametric design system of pick arrangement on drum shearer was developed by means of MATLAB GUIDE language. Variety of pick arrangement schemes could be designed after inputting design parameters of a drum and the rationality of schemes could be judged by using cutting order pattern, cutting pattern and drum load diagram. A simulation analysis of two kinds of pick arrangements of a usual 3starts vane drums was conducted as a practical example. The result showed that pick arrangement of aberrance 1 was superior to aberrance 2 in cutting performances. The research indicates that the system can improve the quality of drum design, the design schemes is intuitive, the design result can be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively, which lays the foundation for the design of drum with good quality and performance.

The main source of harmonics of residential power systems is the nonlinear appliances. The harmonic characteristics were attracted by measuring the typical nonlinear devices， and the harmonic current source models for those typical appliances were established. The equivalent harmonic contribution index for evaluating harmonic contributions based on harmonic magnitude characteristics and harmonic compatability index for evaluating the diversity effect based on harmonic phase angle characteristics of such loads were proposed. According to the actual combinations of such loads in residential environment， the harmonic characteristic investigation for various combinations of nonlinear loads was performed. The range of total harmonic current distortions of these combinations was obtained. And it concluded that the third harmonic was the major contributor for the total harmonic distortion. The field test results confirmed the conclusions．

The development of water supply network conforms to a fractal growth with selforganization property, so fractal theory can be adopted to city planning combined with water supply network partitioning. The future of the city construction and city planning was analyzed based on which the location and flow of nodes were confirmed. K-means algorithm was adopted to cluster the nodes, and analytical hierarchy process was adopted to identify the importance of the nodes in each zone. Then fractal growth of selforganization model was solved by Prim algorithm, and water supply network planning scheme was formed. The network could be managed by partitioning when it was buildup. Water distribution system planning based on fractal selfgrowth model was applied in one north city in China, and the results showed that the effect of operation and management was very well.

Mass properties of satellite include mass, centroid, moment of inertia, product of inertia, etc. It is an important security factor for the satellite to achieve attitude control precisely. The pico-satellite has limited ability of energy and attitude control which put forward relevant requirements on its mass properties. Firstly, three pivot weighing method and trifilar torsional pendulum were applied to measure the initial amount of centroidal deviation and the initial moment of inertia. Then, genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the counterweights of the pico-satellite. Through measuring the mass properties of the picosatellite after counterweight, it was found that all relevant conditions were satisfied. The amount of centroidal deviation was less than 0.5 mm, the moment of inertia met requirement of  J_yy>J_xx>J_zz, and the counterweight was about 0.34 kg. On the premise of meeting requirements of mass properties of attitude control system, lightweight design was realized. Finally, the picture of the earth taken by pico-satellite verified the success of attitude control.

In order to study the precision centrifuge’s wind resistance moment， RNG  k-εturbulence model and enhanced wall treatment was applied to numerically simulate the precision centrifuge’s flow field. The simulation of the wind resistance moment was consistent with the experimental results， which verified the correctness of the numerical method. Several structures of different shapes in the horizontal flow field were simulated and the results showed that conical structure was the best shape. The influence of geometric parameters on the result was studied at the same time. Based on the calculation results of the horizontal flow field， the wind resistance of the precision centrifuge was studied with 5 different structures. The results showed that conical structure could reduce the fluctuation of wind resistance moment to 25%．

This research aims to solve the multi-objective optimization of the structure parameters of IHI flying shear. According to the structure parameters, the digital virtual prototype of IHI flying shear in the dynamics analysis software of ADAMS was built and the dynamics law of upper and lower cuter was obtained together with the leadlag characteristics of the cutting speed. The multi-objective optimization function and constraints was adopted in the model based on the composition principle of IHI flying shear aiming to solve the cutting speed leadlag problem. The digital virtual prototype was optimized by using the INSIGHT module. The results solved the problem at some extent which was beneficial to the shearing process and the process requirements. The multiobjective optimization analysis of virtual prototype has practical guiding significance for the structure design and transformation of IHI flying shear mechanism.

In order to reduce the development cycle and customized design of nursing bed， modular partition and function analysis was given out based on modular design. Detailed exposition of the lower limbs mechanism design was carried out. The three passive motions of the lower limbs mechanism were analyzed. A design scheme of lower limbs mechanism was putted forward and the motion mathematical model was established. Theoretical analyses of lower limbs three motion state were outputted by MATLAB. Compared with the simulation of ADAMS， the reasonability of lower limbs mechanism was made sure. The lower limbs mechanism which fully considerate the lower limbs exercise and daily needs have a stable performance and a reasonable structure.

The strong coupling effect， which results from external components layout design and internal flow paths connection design， is a crucial issue to prevent the automatic design in hydraulic manifold block. The empirical knowledge of components layout was systematically classified as two types: documented knowledge existing in standards， technical specification and engineering design， and expertise accumulated by human experts in longterm engineering practice. And then based on knowledge and rule reasoning， a design methodology for components layout was proposed for hydraulic manifold block with both plate valve and cartridge valve. Because the layout empirical knowledge and rules take subsequent path planning， installation， adjustment and maintenance of components into overall consideration， the design complexity of manifold block was reduced greatly. The proposed method can be combined with virtual design technology or intelligent optimization algorithm to provide an effective approach for intelligent optimum design of hydraulic manifold block．

To address the issue that sensor less BLDCM（brushless dc motor） commutated by using the zerocrossing method back EMF is unable to accurately obtain the rotor position which leads to irregular start after the motor starts， this paper designs a new strategy of startup using software to rise frequency and change phases. By deeply analyzing the mechanism of the motor rotor， this paper got the transcendental equation at the moment of rising frequency and changing phases. In order to avoid the complicated solution of transcendental equation， we just worked out some values of it and used the least squares curve fitting method to fit discrete commutation time for the time function of rising frequency and changing phases. The function could get the all moment of changing phases and switching synchronous， which achieved the accurate commutation of rotor and the smooth start. In order to verify the effectiveness of the strategy rising frequency and changing phases， we did some research about the property of the dc motor under the condition of noload， fractional loading and overload. It turned out that this strategy could start the dc motor under different conditions without locked rotor and stalling. The suggested strategy of startup using software to rise frequency changes phases accurately and is good in starting performance， so it is a very reliable starting method of the sensor less BLDCM. 