In nature biology is an important source of inspiration for engineers or designers to make innovative design. A new method was proposed which had multiple levels for coding the multi biological effects in order to improve the efficiency in the utilizing multi biological effects in the innovation and increase the practicability of knowledge tools that based on multi biological effects. The system of the proposed method was elaborated and the knowledge tool related to the coding method was constructed，then the operation process and realization way of the coding method were discussed. Lastly we used the coding process of multi biological effects of Shewanella oneidensis bacteria decomposing iron oxide in anaerobic conditions via the combine work of two kinds of special proteins as an example to verify the practicability and superiority of the proposed coding method.

 Along with the gradually appearance of the industrial revolution with the low carbon economy as a core， low carbon design and manufacture of mechanical and electronic products has become one of the important factors that improve competitiveness of enterprises. Based on the distribution of carbon footprint， 〖JP+1〗this paper puts forward a low carbon and innovation design method for mechanical and electrical products. By building a hierarchical model of product structure and regarding the material utilization rate， recovery rate， and remove rate as carbon emission attributes for mechanical and electrical products， the carbon distribution could be calculated by AHP（analytic hierarchy process）. After getting the lowcarbon design elements according to the distribution of carbon emissions， the creative template method was used to optimize the lowcarbon design elements and implement lowcarbon design of mechanical and electrical products. Finally， a coffee grinder was used as an example to prove the practicability of the method．

Based on Bayesian statistics theory and structural reliability-based optimization design，the paper presents a new reliability-based optimization design approach with confidence level that solves the form of finite test samples. The structural reliability was considered as a random variable，according to prior information and sample information，and the method adopted a Bayesian inference technique to get probability distribution of reliability，which gave point estimation and confidence level of Bayesian reliability. Structural reliability-based optimization model with confidence level was established and the structural reliability-based optimization approach with confidence level was proposed. The new research approach and new direction for structure reliability-based design in small-sample situation are provided. The numerical results illustrate the method presented is an efficient and accurate structural reliability-based optimization approach with confidence level．

According to the drawback of traditional methods of reliability analysis describing the dynamic failure problem of the ATP system of CTCS-3，dynamic fault tree was used to analyze the reliability of the system. Firstly，the dynamic fault tree model was established by analyzing the structure and function of the system. Secondly，the depth-first left-most traversal algorithm was used to search on the dynamic fault tree model to obtain the independent subtrees. Finally，after introducing the reliability indexes of repairable system，the analytic method and Markov matrix iteration method were adopted to solve subtrees. The hierarchical iteration method was applied to improve dynamic fault tree analysis method to reduce the quantity of computation so that the reliability indexes could be used for reliability evaluation of the ATP system of CTCS-3.Comparing the results of above method with the results of the reliability block diagram method，it is show that dynamic fault tree analysis can describe the characteristics of redundancy and fault-tolerance of system better and the accuracy of reliability indexes is improved.

Corrosion is one of the primary failure mode of pressurized pipelines. Research on reliability of the corroded pipelines has important theoretical significance and application value. Adequate data is necessary for probabilistic reliability model and fuzzy reliability model used to analyze the reliability of corroded pipelines. In case of insufficient information was available，the uncertain parameters of yield strength，pipeline diameter，defect depths，operating pressure and so on were described as interval variables to make up the gap by using the uncertain information of the corroded pipelines well. Timedependent non-probability reliability model of the corroded pipeline in service was established based on the interval model. A simple method for the remaining life prediction of the corroded pipelines was given. A numerical example had been used to illustrate the proposed method. The result shows that the proposed method is feasible and reasonable and procticable. Finally a sensitivity analysis was carried out on interval variables involved in the problem. The effects of the coefficient of variation of pipeline wall thickness，defect depths，operating pressures and corrosion velocity on non-probability reliability index of the corroded pipelines were evaluated. The results of sensitivity analysis indicate that the non-probability reliability index is the most sensitive to the coefficient of variation of pipeline wall thickness interval variable.

A ten-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of a commercial vehicle including the cab was established. Based on fuzzy control theory， a bandwidth-limited active control system for the commercial vehicles cab suspension was designed. The vibrations of center of mass were investigated in directions of heave, pith and roll. The gain factor of fuzzy controller was optimized through genetic algorithm and the vibration was simulated using integral white noise random road as input.The results show that by employing the bandwidth-limited active control system proposed， the heave angular acceleration， pith angular acceleration and roll angular acceleration are distinctly reduced when compared with that adopted full floating suspension system. Meantime， the ride performance and comfortability of the commercial vehicle are improved．

Aiming at improving the precision of five-rollers solventless coating machine，the multi-motor coordination control based on the mechatronic coupling modeling and design method was established. A cross-coupling constant ratio adaptive control algorithm was designed，in which three of rollers were controlled by three individual permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and the system velocity dynamic and static output of each motor was tracked in realtime tracks respectively with three independent constant ratio compensation feed forward velocity PID controllers. The above method was applied to a 400 mm width coating. The simulation of the coating system showes that this strategy improves the control accuracy:the accuracy of velocity ratio reach 5% within 0.4 s，and reach 0.6% within 2 s. It also validates the rationality，effectiveness and robustness of the designed control strategy．

In order to promote some research works of rubber bushing’s impact on vehicle performances effectively by estimating and verifying the mechanical properties of rubber bushings，the bushing of McPherson suspension was researched. Firstly，the relative strain energy density function equations were derived，and after the introduction of many constitutive model equations (Wherein，Yeoh，Van der Waals，and Ogden as the principal)，the material mechanical properties of bushing rubber (NR55) were estimated and then verified by contrasting with the results of material basic tests，then 3rd order Ogden equation was determined as a better constitutive model to estimate the bushing structural mechanical properties. The multi-parameters of μ₁，μ₂，μ₃，α₁，α₂，α₃ were set as variables to be optimized and their initial values were given，then pre-estimation of the bushing structural mechanical properties was done and verified by contrasting with the results of bushing structural tests，4 types of optimize objective functions were designated to make‘area overlap’ and  ‘displacement equivalent’，10 interactive processes were performed by selecting adaptive response surface method，and a set of values of the multi-parameters，which can more accurately estimate the bushing structural mechanical properties，were identified. Two new curves can be calculated and fitted by using the set of identified values. They were compared with the curves of the structural tests itself and the estimated fitting of material basic tests. The results show that the errors of radial (axial) stiffness values are all less than 9.1%，if the other various factors are considered，this can be accepted in engineering. It shows that the above methods are feasible and can be generalized．

To analyze the friction characteristics of slipper pair in A11VO190 constant power axial piston pump，a mathematical model of overclamped slipper was created. In considering the thermal wedge force caused by thermal expansion and the dynamic pressure effect caused by step structure，according to the equilibrium of spatial force system principle，the slipper’s dynamic characteristics in oil delivery region was calculated by the software Matlab，and the thickness of oil film at different position of the swash plate was obtained. The formula of friction power loss and leakage power loss was then deduced，and the effects of load pressure and spindle turning speed on film thickness and the power loss were compared.It is shown that the thickness decreases with the increasing of load pressure，while the power loss is on the contrary. Both film thickness and power loss increase with the increasing of turning speed．

In order to explore the vertical vibration characteristics of an underground mobile crusher and reasons of its low working reliability under a random load， the dynamic models and motion equations in vertical direction were built according to the theory of multibody dynamics and the mathematical model of vertical vibration response was derived based on the pseudo excitation method by some hypothesis and simplification. Taking a domestic underground mobile crusher as an example， random load on the head of the crusher impacting rocks was determined. By using MATLAB， the random vibration response of the crusher head， arm and body under the action of random load in high stand conditions were obtained. The results show that under the action of random excitation whose peak load is 375 kN， mean load is 186 kN， and frequency is 10 Hz， the peak/mean amplitudes of the machine parts are: crusher head 0.012 5m /0.007 25 m; arm 0.010 m/0.006 57 m; body 0.006 1 m/0.003 62 m. The vibration of every part is violent and the degree of vibration and volatility are ordered from maximum to minimum as follows: the crush head， the arm， the body. And this is consistent with the actual situation. At the maximum amplitudes of every part， the low frequency of crusher head， arm and body are close to the natural frequency and it is easy to occur resonance which is the main reason leading machine vibration， leading the machine part failure， and reducing the service life. The results offer reference to improve mobile breaker design， take reasonable vibration reduction measures， and prolong the machine service life．

In order to investigate the influence of impeller speed in mechanically self-absorption air flotation machine on the flotation dynamical environment，by using the multi-phase model of Mixture，k-ε turbulent model and Reynolds-averaged time-averaged equations，the numerical calculation on gas-solid-liquid three-phase three-dimensional turbulent flow fields of the 20 m³ mechanically self-absorption air flotation machine was given with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The velocity and turbulence intensity distribution of the nine models with three particle sizes and three types of impeller speed three-phase flow in the flotation machine were obtained. The numerical calculation results show that when the rotation speed is in the range of 147-196 r/min，the turbulence intensity of liquid keep stable and the performance of the flotation machine is better than other rotation speed. The test results fit in with the simulation prediction result，which shows the conclusions．

To optimize the capacity，power，noise and life of the compressor via studying the motion law of suction valves without lift limiters，a basic idea of corroborating numerical simulations and physical tests was established. The refrigerant flow field and the valve structure field were coupled together to analog valves movement. ADINA FSI (fluid-structure interaction) module  was used to get the valve displacement，cylinder pressure，suction speed and valve seat contact force during inhalation，based on fluid mass，momentum，energy conservation laws and the tablet vibration model. Analysis of the valve design parameters impacting on its dynamic response shows that reducing the thickness of valves can optimize the compressor’s performance. Based on the maximum effective flow area criterion，the smallest and optimal thickness of the suction valve in WS75YV compressor is found. The simulation results of the velocity distribution of the refrigerant under Eulerian coordinate and cylinder temperature during inhalation show that the phenomenon of overheating exist. Capacity of the compressor，motor power，and the ratio COP (coefficient of performance) were measured by the second refrigerant calorimeter method. After comparing theory and simulation values，we can conclude that FSI method is feasible and compressors designed or optimized by FSI are reliable．

In order to investigate rollover characteristics of the heavy duty vehicle， theoretical calculation model of the quasi-static rollover was established， calculation formula of roll lever arm “h” and vehicle equivalent track “B” were deduced and the main parameters were analyzed. A heavy mixer truck was taken as an example and the quasi-static rollover threshold was calculated. An anti-rollover bracket of this truck was designed for the vehicle steady static circular test. In addition，we validated the theoretical calculation model and bracket structure by vehicle steady static circular test. The results indicate that the theoretical calculations of the quasi-static rollover threshold coincide well with test results， anti-rollover bracket can warn and protect the truck from rollover accurately and effectively. The research realizes the expected design object．

Based on the geometric model of involute tooth profile, the geometric design software for gears was developed on the platform of Windows. The software was written in C programming language, including open source programs and libraries such as gnuplot and CxImage. Many geometric modeling approaches for gears were proposed. Gnuplot had been regarded as the module of graphical output in many application software, in which the proposed approaches were used. For the implementation of the calculation module, the curve parameter equations for tooth profile were proposed. The module of computing kernel was written in C language. Gnuplot was the kernel of data visualization module. Data was transmitted by plain text and commands through pipes. The process of windows was established on the the method of Windows Application Programming Interface (API). Graphical User Interface (GUI) had been used in the software. The display problem of png format pictures was solved by using CxImage library in stand of picture control. Modern computer program design technique is involved in traditional mechanical design theory. Drawing on the experience of many open source software and function libraries, the aided machinery design software promotes the efficiency and level of design.

To evaluate Situational Awareness (SA) objectively，a novel experimental procedure and paradigm were proposed according to the required operation tasks to be finished while the new technology route combining behavior experiment with Event Related Potential (ERP) experiment was used. Three evaluating indicators of feedback negativity，reaction time and accuracy were used to reflecte the perceptual，understanding and judgment of SA of digital Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)，which provided a new thinking and new method for the quantitative evaluation of SA. Finally，an application example of the objective evaluation to fighter UI by 22 subjects was given to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. Experiment results show that the electrical feedback negative wave presents the experimental results of objective data which can be used to compare the subjective perceptual quality of users on different interface, and the contrastive analysis of reaction time and accuracy can reflect understanding and judgment of UI to evaluate the SA of UI．

To determine the priority ratings of technical characteristics in QFD planning，a combination weighting method integrating the subjective and objective information in house of quality is proposed.  In subjective evaluation，different decision-makers were likely to choose terms of different granularity to describe the same object and the ultimate evaluation scores were calculated through the linguistic hybrid operator，which reflected the importance degrees of both the given argument and its ordered position. In objective evaluation，uncertain values of technical characteristics were given in the form of internal numbers. Based on technical competitive information，a goal-deviation matrix was conducted in order to obtain objective importance ratings by using entropy methods. The final result is synthesis of the subjective and objective evaluation，which coordinates and unifies the wisdom of experts and the data-based reasoning．