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工程设计学报
Chin J Eng Design  2023, Vol. 30 Issue (5): 617-625    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.071
Product Innovation Design     
Design of feed switching system for large aperture fully movable radio telescope
Fenghui YANG(),Min WANG,Liang DONG,Shuobiao SHI
Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China
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Abstract  

In order to further meet the needs of lunar exploration, deep space exploration and other astronomical observation tasks, the Kunming 40 m aperture fully movable radio telescope, which was equipped with only one S/X dual-frequency feed source at the initial stage of design, was upgraded and its feed switching system was developed. On the basis of not changing the existing antenna structure and optical path, the original S/X dual-frequency feed source was removed, a new S/X dual-frequency feed source was installed, and the C and Ku frequency feed sources were added. The detailed design and implementation schemes of the feed switching system were given, and the automatic, fast and reliable switching among the three feed sources was realized. The performance of the antenna after feed modification was tested, and the results showed that the main performance indexes of the antenna were improved. After the modification of the feed source and feed switching system, the large aperture fully movable radio telescope had the ability to receive multiple frequency bands, and can complete the astronomical observation and deep space exploration tasks with more frequency bands, improving the observation efficiency and scientific research output of the telescope.

Key words： feed switching system      feed switching mechanism      feed horn      feed switching control      radio telescope      antenna performance     
Received: 03 November 2022      Published: 03 November 2023
CLC:  TP 273  
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Fenghui YANG
Min WANG
Liang DONG
Shuobiao SHI
Cite this article:

Fenghui YANG,Min WANG,Liang DONG,Shuobiao SHI. Design of feed switching system for large aperture fully movable radio telescope. Chin J Eng Design, 2023, 30(5): 617-625.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.071     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/Y2023/V30/I5/617


大孔径全可动射电望远镜换馈系统设计

为了进一步满足探月工程、深空探测和其他天文观测任务的需求，对设计初期只配置了一个S/X双频馈源的昆明40 m孔径全可动射电望远镜进行升级改造，研制了其换馈系统。在不改变现有天线结构及光路的基础上，拆除了原S/X双频馈源，安装了新的S/X双频馈源，并增加了C频段、Ku频段馈源；给出了换馈系统的详细设计和实施方案，实现了3个馈源间自动快速可靠的切换。对馈源改造之后的天线性能进行了测试，结果表明，天线的主要性能指标有所提升。馈源及换馈系统改造之后，大孔径全可动射电望远镜具有多频段接收能力，能够完成更多频段的天文观测和深空探测任务，提高了望远镜的观测效率和科研产出。


关键词： 换馈系统,  换馈机构,  馈源喇叭,  换馈控制,  射电望远镜,  天线性能 
Fig.1 Radio telescope
Fig.2 Composition of feed switching system
Fig.3 Schematic of feed source layout with one dimensional clock pendulum
Fig.4 Schematic of geometrical parameters of Cassegrain antenna with dual reflectors
参数量值
主反射面直径Dm40 m
实体面直径Dw26 m
主反射面焦距f13.2 m
副反射面直径Ds4.2 m
副反射面边缘照射角θ11.8°
主反射面照射角φ74.293°
Table 1 Geometric parameter values of Cassegrain antenna with dual reflectors
Fig.5 Structure of S/X dual-frequency feed source
Fig.6 Output interface of S/X dual-frequency feed source
Fig.7 Schematic of corrugated horn of C frequency feed source
Fig.8 Schematic of corrugated horn of Ku frequency feed source
Fig.9 Simulation model of antenna radiation characteristics
频段 频率/GHz第1副瓣电平/dB

天线

增益/dB

天线

效率

S2.2-19.457.610.68
2.3-20.458.010.69
X7.6-21.368.520.69
8.3-26.369.390.72
9.0-24.170.440.77
C4.5-28.263.800.67
5.7-28.665.840.67
6.9-26.767.610.69
Ku12.0-27.4572.740.75
14.1-28.1474.180.75
15.5-28.6175.130.77
Table 2 Simulation results of antenna radiation characteristics
Fig.10 Structure of feed switching system
Fig.11 Feed source position during each frequency feed source working
Fig.12 Finite element model of feed switching system
Fig.13 Force analysis results of feed source with antenna at upturn position
馈源天线状态换馈系统应力/MPa天线轴向变形/mm天线z向变形/mm电动推杆推力/N
S/X双频馈源朝天25.390.20-422
指平56.760.771.6349 439
C频段馈源朝天22.180.48-18 409
指平77.381.303.0166 783
Ku频段馈源朝天30.040.4711 110
指平60.660.871.4143 219
Table 3 Force analysis results of feed switching system with antenna at different attitudes
Fig.14 Schematic of working principle of feed switching unit
Fig.15 Remote control interface of upper computer
Fig.16 Installation and positioning of feed sleeve and pitching cylinder
频段加工、装配误差/mm推杆运动、伺服控制误差/mm天线z向变形/mm指向精度/（″）
S/X0.700.641.635.36
C3.018.01
Ku1.414.97
Table 4 Antenna pointing accuracy in different frequency bands caused by feed switching system
Fig.17 Object of flexible rain cover for feed source
工作频率/GHz天线效率（45°）天线噪声温度/K电压驻波比圆极化轴比/dB
要求值测试值要求值测试值要求值测试值要求值测试值
2.2~2.31≥0.600.61≤64.056.32≤1.2∶11.2∶1≤1.00.75
4.5~6.9≥0.540.59≤35.034.75≤1.3∶11.25∶1≤1.51.0
7.6~9.0≥0.500.54≤45.031.63≤1.3∶11.3∶1≤1.31.1
12.0~15.5≥0.390.41≤50.048.35≤1.3∶11.3∶1≤1.31.2
Table 5 Main performance index values of antenna after feed modification
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