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工程设计学报
工程设计学报  2020, Vol. 27 Issue (4): 448-455    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2020.00.061
优化设计     
数控机床液体静压导轨结构的优化设计
李典伦, 黄华, 邓文强
兰州理工大学 机电工程学院， 甘肃 兰州 730000
Optimization design of structure of the hydrostatic guideway of NC machine tool
LI Dian-lun, HUANG Hua, DENG Wen-qiang
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730000, China
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摘要： 机床导轨的性能对机床的加工精度有重要影响，而采用常规材料制造的导轨的动力学和热力学性能不够理想。为了提高机床的加工精度，提出采用内嵌钢结构的树脂混凝土来制造精密机床的液体静压导轨，并对其结构进行优化设计。首先，基于某型号卧式加工中心液体静压导轨的工况，对液体静压导轨油垫的结构进行改进，并通过内嵌钢结构支撑件对液体静压导轨结构进行强化；其次，对由树脂混凝土和花岗岩制成的液体静压导轨的静力学和热力学性能进行分析和比较；最后，在树脂混凝土液体静压导轨表面设置U-V形沟槽和V形沟槽减阻微结构，并进行减阻效果对比。仿真结果表明:树脂混凝土液体静压导轨与花岗岩液体静压导轨相比，其最大静变形较小，热性能显著提高；U-V形沟槽减阻效果更明显。研究表明，在采用树脂混凝土制造的液体静压导轨表面设置U-V形沟槽微结构，能有效提高液体静压导轨的综合性能，这可为精密加工设备的研制提供参考。
Abstract: The performance of guideway has an important influence on the machining accuracy of machine tool, however the dynamics and thermodynamics properties of the guideway made by conventional materials are not ideal. In order to improve the machining accuracy of machine tool, the hydrostatic guideway of precision machine tool was made by resin concrete with embedded steel structure, and its structure was optimized. Firstly, based on the working condition of hydrostatic guideway in a certain type of horizontal machining center, the structure of hydrostatic guideway oil cushion was improved, and the structure of hydrostatic guideway was strengthened through strutting piece with embedded steel structure. Secondly, the statics and thermodynamics properties of hydrostatic guideways made by resin concrete and granite were analyzed and compared. Finally, U-V shape groove and V shape groove drag reduction micro-structure were set on the surface of hydrostatic guideway made by resin concrete, and their drag reduction effects were compared. The simulation results showed that the maximum static deformation of hydrostatic guideway made by resin concrete was smaller than that by granite, the thermal performance was significantly improved, and U-V shape groove had more obvious drag reduction effect. The research show that the U-V shape groove micro-structure on the surface of hydrostatic guideway made by resin concrete can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of hydrostatic guideway, which can provide reference for the development of precision machining equipment.
收稿日期: 2020-01-16 出版日期: 2020-08-28
CLC:  TP 391.9  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51965037，51565030）
通讯作者: 黄华（1978—），男，湖南长沙人，副教授，博士，从事数控技术与装备研究,E-mail：hh318872@126.com，https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-5888     E-mail: hh318872@126.com
作者简介: 李典伦(1996—)，男，黑龙江七台河人，硕士生，从事智能制造研究，E-mail:lidianlun1@126.com。
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引用本文:

李典伦, 黄华, 邓文强. 数控机床液体静压导轨结构的优化设计[J]. 工程设计学报, 2020, 27(4): 448-455.

LI Dian-lun, HUANG Hua, DENG Wen-qiang. Optimization design of structure of the hydrostatic guideway of NC machine tool. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2020, 27(4): 448-455.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2020.00.061    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2020/V27/I4/448

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