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工程设计学报  2023, Vol. 30 Issue (5): 617-625    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.071
产品创新设计     
大孔径全可动射电望远镜换馈系统设计
杨凤辉(),汪敏,董亮,施硕彪
中国科学院 云南天文台,云南 昆明 650216
Design of feed switching system for large aperture fully movable radio telescope
Fenghui YANG(),Min WANG,Liang DONG,Shuobiao SHI
Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China
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摘要:

为了进一步满足探月工程、深空探测和其他天文观测任务的需求,对设计初期只配置了一个S/X双频馈源的昆明40 m孔径全可动射电望远镜进行升级改造,研制了其换馈系统。在不改变现有天线结构及光路的基础上,拆除了原S/X双频馈源,安装了新的S/X双频馈源,并增加了C频段、Ku频段馈源;给出了换馈系统的详细设计和实施方案,实现了3个馈源间自动快速可靠的切换。对馈源改造之后的天线性能进行了测试,结果表明,天线的主要性能指标有所提升。馈源及换馈系统改造之后,大孔径全可动射电望远镜具有多频段接收能力,能够完成更多频段的天文观测和深空探测任务,提高了望远镜的观测效率和科研产出。

关键词: 换馈系统换馈机构馈源喇叭换馈控制射电望远镜天线性能    
Abstract:

In order to further meet the needs of lunar exploration, deep space exploration and other astronomical observation tasks, the Kunming 40 m aperture fully movable radio telescope, which was equipped with only one S/X dual-frequency feed source at the initial stage of design, was upgraded and its feed switching system was developed. On the basis of not changing the existing antenna structure and optical path, the original S/X dual-frequency feed source was removed, a new S/X dual-frequency feed source was installed, and the C and Ku frequency feed sources were added. The detailed design and implementation schemes of the feed switching system were given, and the automatic, fast and reliable switching among the three feed sources was realized. The performance of the antenna after feed modification was tested, and the results showed that the main performance indexes of the antenna were improved. After the modification of the feed source and feed switching system, the large aperture fully movable radio telescope had the ability to receive multiple frequency bands, and can complete the astronomical observation and deep space exploration tasks with more frequency bands, improving the observation efficiency and scientific research output of the telescope.

Key words: feed switching system    feed switching mechanism    feed horn    feed switching control    radio telescope    antenna performance
收稿日期: 2022-11-03 出版日期: 2023-11-03
CLC:  TP 273  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11903080);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFE0140000)
作者简介: 杨凤辉(1988—),男,云南昆明人,工程师,硕士,从事天线电磁兼容设计和机电控制技术研究,E-mail: yfh@ynao.ac.cn, https://orcid.org/ 0009-0004-6476-6133
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引用本文:

杨凤辉,汪敏,董亮,施硕彪. 大孔径全可动射电望远镜换馈系统设计[J]. 工程设计学报, 2023, 30(5): 617-625.

Fenghui YANG,Min WANG,Liang DONG,Shuobiao SHI. Design of feed switching system for large aperture fully movable radio telescope[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2023, 30(5): 617-625.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2023.00.071        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2023/V30/I5/617

图1  射电望远镜
图2  换馈系统组成
图3  一维钟摆式馈源排布示意
图4  卡塞格伦双反射面天线几何参数示意
参数量值
主反射面直径Dm40 m
实体面直径Dw26 m
主反射面焦距f13.2 m
副反射面直径Ds4.2 m
副反射面边缘照射角θ11.8°
主反射面照射角φ74.293°
表1  卡塞格伦双反射面天线几何参数值
图5  S/X双频馈源结构
图6  S/X双频馈源输出接口
图7  C频段馈源波纹喇叭示意
图8  Ku频段馈源波纹喇叭示意
图9  天线辐射特性仿真模型
频段 频率/GHz第1副瓣电平/dB

天线

增益/dB

天线

效率

S2.2-19.457.610.68
2.3-20.458.010.69
X7.6-21.368.520.69
8.3-26.369.390.72
9.0-24.170.440.77
C4.5-28.263.800.67
5.7-28.665.840.67
6.9-26.767.610.69
Ku12.0-27.4572.740.75
14.1-28.1474.180.75
15.5-28.6175.130.77
表2  天线辐射特性仿真结果
图10  换馈系统结构
图11  各频段馈源工作时的馈源位置
图12  换馈系统有限元模型
图13  天线处于朝天姿态时馈源的受力分析结果
馈源天线状态换馈系统应力/MPa天线轴向变形/mm天线z向变形/mm电动推杆推力/N
S/X双频馈源朝天25.390.20-422
指平56.760.771.6349 439
C频段馈源朝天22.180.48-18 409
指平77.381.303.0166 783
Ku频段馈源朝天30.040.4711 110
指平60.660.871.4143 219
表3  天线处于处不同姿态时换馈系统的受力分析结果
图14  换馈单元工作原理示意
图15  上位机远程控制界面
图16  馈源支套与俯仰筒的安装定位
频段加工、装配误差/mm推杆运动、伺服控制误差/mm天线z向变形/mm指向精度/(″)
S/X0.700.641.635.36
C3.018.01
Ku1.414.97
表4  换馈系统引起的不同频段下的天线指向精度
图17  馈源柔性防雨罩实物
工作频率/GHz天线效率(45°)天线噪声温度/K电压驻波比圆极化轴比/dB
要求值测试值要求值测试值要求值测试值要求值测试值
2.2~2.31≥0.600.61≤64.056.32≤1.2∶11.2∶1≤1.00.75
4.5~6.9≥0.540.59≤35.034.75≤1.3∶11.25∶1≤1.51.0
7.6~9.0≥0.500.54≤45.031.63≤1.3∶11.3∶1≤1.31.1
12.0~15.5≥0.390.41≤50.048.35≤1.3∶11.3∶1≤1.31.2
表5  馈源改造后天线的主要性能指标值
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