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工程设计学报  2022, Vol. 29 Issue (3): 263-271    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.030
设计理论与方法     
数据驱动的经编机横移机构故障检测方法研究
崔旭浩(),郗欣甫,孙以泽()
东华大学 机械工程学院,上海 201620
Research on data-driven fault detection method of traverse mechanism of warp knitting machine
Xu-hao CUI(),Xin-fu CHI,Yi-ze SUN()
College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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摘要:

在经编机运行过程中,其横移机构可能会因横移控制系统失控或传动误差而发生故障。为实现经编机横移机构故障的有效检测,结合振动信号的组合特征和支持向量数据描述(support vector data description, SVDD)算法,提出一种由数据驱动的故障检测方法。首先,采集经编机横移机构的振动信号并提取其时域特征;然后,采用小波包分解获取振动信号在各频带上的能量占比,并结合时域特征构建特征向量。最后,基于训练样本(仅含正常样本)的特征向量,利用SVDD算法构建独立封闭的最小超球体,并通过比较测试样本到超球体球心的距离与超球体半径来实现经编机横移机构的状态评估。对基于所提出方法的故障检测结果与仅使用时域特征和SVDD算法以及使用组合特征和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)的故障检测结果进行对比。结果表明,结合振动信号组合特征和SVDD算法的故障检测方法的准确率更高。研究结果可为经编机横移机构故障的准确检测提供理论基础,进而为经编机管理人员提供一定的辅助决策信息。

关键词: 经编机横移机构故障检测支持向量数据描述小波包分解    
Abstract:

During the operation of the warp knitting machine, its traverse mechanism may fail due to the out-of-control of traverse control system or the transmission error. In order to realize the effective fault detection for the traverse mechanism of warp knitting machine, a data-driven fault detection method was proposed by combining the combined features of vibration signals and the support vector data description (SVDD) algorithm. Firstly, the vibration signal of the traverse mechanism of warp knitting machine was collected and its time-domain features were extracted. Then, the energy proportion of the vibration signal in each frequency band was obtained by using the wavelet packet decomposition, and the feature vector was constructed by combining the time-domain features. Finally, based on the feature vector of the training samples (only containing normal samples), an independent closed minimum hypersphere was established based on the SVDD algorithm, and the state evaluation for the traverse mechanism of warp knitting machine was realized through comparing the distance from the test sample to the hypersphere center and the hypersphere radius. The fault detection results based on the proposed method were compared with the fault detection results using time-domain features and the SVDD algorithm, as well as using combined features and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that the fault detection method combining combined features of vibration signals and SVDD algorithm had higher accuracy. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the accurate fault detection of the traverse mechanism of warp knitting machine, and then provide certain auxiliary decision-making information for the warp knitting machine managers.

Key words: traverse mechanism of warp knitting machine    fault detection    support vector data description    wavelet packet decomposition
收稿日期: 2021-07-23 出版日期: 2022-07-05
CLC:  TH 165.3  
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB1308800)
通讯作者: 孙以泽     E-mail: Xuhao_Cui@126.com;sunyz@dhu.edu.cn
作者简介: 崔旭浩(1997—),男,河北保定人,硕士生,从事经编机故障诊断研究,E-mail:Xuhao_Cui@126.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-1801
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引用本文:

崔旭浩,郗欣甫,孙以泽. 数据驱动的经编机横移机构故障检测方法研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2022, 29(3): 263-271.

Xu-hao CUI,Xin-fu CHI,Yi-ze SUN. Research on data-driven fault detection method of traverse mechanism of warp knitting machine[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2022, 29(3): 263-271.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2022.00.030        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2022/V29/I3/263

图1  基于SVDD算法的经编机横移机构故障检测流程
图 2  经编机横移机构振动信号采集平台
特征公式
绝对均值T1=1Ff=1Fsf
峰值T2=maxsf
有效值T3=1Ff=1Fsf2
峰值因子T4=T2T3
峭度指标T5=1T321Ff=1Fsf-sˉ4
裕度因子T6=T21Ff=1F|sf?|2
表1  振动信号时域特征计算式
图3  经编机横移机构振动信号的能量分布特征
图4  SVDD算法中惩罚参数C和核参数σ的寻优过程
图5  基于振动信号组合特征的SVDD模型训练结果
图6  基于振动信号组合特征的SVDD模型测试结果
图7  基于振动信号时域特征的SVDD模型训练结果
图8  基于振动信号时域特征的SVDD模型测试结果
图9  基于SVM算法的经编机横移机构故障检测流程
图10  基于振动信号组合特征的SVM模型测试结果
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