Research on aroma components in flowers and fruits of three varieties of jaboticaba

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.09.031

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2021, Vol. 47

Issue (6): 757-767 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.09.031

Research articles

Research on aroma components in flowers and fruits of three varieties of jaboticaba

Shanlian QIU(

),Baomei LIN,Miaohong WU,Jiamin HONG,Kaibin ZHENG(

)

Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou 363005, Fujian, China

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Abstract

The flowers and fruits of three varieties of jaboticaba including ‘Saba’ (‘Sb’), ‘Sijizaosheng’ (‘Sjzs’) and ‘Fukuoka’ were used to determine the aroma components by using head space-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) technology. The results showed that the floral and fruit aroma components of the three varieties had their own characteristics. A total of 48 kinds of floral aroma substances were detected in the three varieties, and terpenes were the main components. Thirty-five kinds of floral aroma components were identified in ‘Sb’, and the main components were monoterpenes, including α-pinene (22.01%), β-pinene (20.41%), D-limonene (19.86%), β-ocimene (12.18%) and etc.; 26 kinds of floral aroma components were identified in ‘Sjzs’, which were mainly consisted of the sesquiterpenes of β-caryophyllene (25.45%), β-cyclogermacrane (10.25%), the monoterpenes of β-pinene (11.08%), α-pinene (8.96%) and etc.; 19 kinds of floral aroma components were identified in ‘Fukuoka’, and the main components were β-caryophyllene (53.40%), β-cyclogermacrane (13.55%), β-ocimene (15.81%) and etc. A total of 32 kinds of fruit aroma substances were detected in the three varieties, and terpenes were also the main components. Fourteen kinds of fruit aroma components were identified in ‘Sb’, and the main components were the monoterpenes of D-limonene (15.48%), β-ocimene (10.64%), and β-pinene (10.53%), the sesquiterpene of cubebene (14.05%) and etc. Twenty-six kinds of fruit aroma components were identified in ‘Sjzs’, mainly consisted of the sesquiterpenes of cubebene (15.49%), β-caryophyllene (13.19%), (－)-α-neoclovene (12.83%) and etc. Thirteen kinds of fruit components were identified in ‘Fukuoka’, and the main components were β-caryophyllene (41.21%), (－)-α-neoclovene (14.51%) and etc. The content of esters in ‘Sjzs’ flower (10.48%) was significantly higher than that in the other two varieties, and the content of esters in ‘Sb’ fruit (14.80%) was significantly higher than that in the other two varieties. ‘Sjzs’ and ‘Fukuoka’ had a higher similarity (0.845) of floral aroma components, and ‘Fukuoka’ had a higher similarity (0.893) between floral aroma and fruit aroma components than the other two varieties.

Key words： jaboticaba flowers fruits aroma component head space-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Received: 03 September 2021 Published: 25 December 2021

CLC:

Q 946.8

Corresponding Authors: Kaibin ZHENG E-mail: slqiu79@163.com;kaibin118@163.com

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Cite this article:

Shanlian QIU,Baomei LIN,Miaohong WU,Jiamin HONG,Kaibin ZHENG. Research on aroma components in flowers and fruits of three varieties of jaboticaba. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(6): 757-767.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.09.031 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2021/V47/I6/757

3个嘉宝果品种花果香气成分研究

采用顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对3个嘉宝果品种（‘沙巴’‘四季早生’‘福冈’）花、果香气成分进行检测。结果表明：3个品种花香、果香成分各具特色。3个品种共被检测出48种花香物质，均以萜烯类物质为主。‘沙巴’被鉴定出花香成分35种，主要成分为单萜烯类的α-蒎烯（22.01%）、β-蒎烯（20.41%）、D-柠檬烯（19.86%）、 β-罗勒烯（12.18%）等；‘四季早生’26种，主要为倍半萜烯类的β-石竹烯（25.45%）、β-牛儿烯（10.25%）和单萜烯类的β-蒎烯（11.08%）、α-蒎烯（8.96%）等；‘福冈’19种，主要为β-石竹烯（53.40%）、β-牛儿烯（13.55%）和β-罗勒烯（15.81%）等。3个品种共被检测出32种果香物质，均以萜烯类为主。‘沙巴’被鉴定出果香成分14种，主要成分为单萜烯类的D-柠檬烯（15.48%）、β-罗勒烯（10.64%）、β-蒎烯（10.53%）和倍半萜烯类的毕澄茄烯（14.05%）等；‘四季早生’26种，主要为倍半萜烯类的毕澄茄烯（15.49%）、β-石竹烯（13.19%）、（－）-α-新丁香三环烯（12.83%）等；‘福冈’13种，主要为β-石竹烯（41.21%）、（－）-α-新丁香三环烯（14.51%）等。‘四季早生’花中酯类含量（10.48%）显著高于其余2个品种，‘沙巴’果中酯类含量（14.80%）显著高于其余2个品种。‘四季早生’与‘福冈’花香相似率较高（0.845），‘福冈’花香与果香相似率较高（0.893）。

关键词： 嘉宝果, 花, 果实, 香气成分, 顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用

编号 No.	挥发性成分 Volatile component	分子式 Molecular formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	‘沙巴’花 ‘Sb’ flower	‘四季早生’花 ‘Sjzs’ flower	‘福冈’花 ‘Fukuoka’ flower
	萜烯类 Terpenes
1	α-侧柏烯 α-thujene	C₁₀H₁₆	7.997	0.96±0.12a	—	0.38±0.06b
2	α-蒎烯 α-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	8.239	22.01±0.96a	8.96±0.59b	2.91±0.64c
3	（－）-莰烯 (－)-camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	8.816	0.26±0.01	—	—
4	β-松油烯 β-terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	9.651	0.13±0.05	—	—
5	β-蒎烯 β-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	9.801	20.41±0.19a	11.08±0.43b	2.61±0.50c
6	三环萜 Tricyclene	C₁₀H₁₆	10.291	—	0.25±0.03b	0.47±0.10a
7	α-水芹烯 α-phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	10.824	2.11±0.51	—	—
8	异松油烯 Isoterpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	11.203	0.09±0.02	—	—
9	D-柠檬烯 D-limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	11.629	19.86±0.62a	1.06±0.05b	0.97±0.10b
10	β-罗勒烯 β-ocimene	C₁₀H₁₆	12.256	12.18±2.10b	5.33±0.98c	15.81±0.86a
11	3-蒈烯 3-carene	C₁₀H₁₆	12.629	0.32±0.02b	—	0.50±0.06a
12	（＋）-4-蒈烯 (＋)-4-carene	C₁₀H₁₆	13.537	0.09±0.01	—	—
13	δ-榄香烯 δ-elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	21.019	0.08±0.02b	0.21±0.02a	—
14	雪松烯 Cedrene	C₁₅H₂₄	22.119	0.45±0.03b	0.78±0.02a	—
15	β-榄香烯 β-elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	22.485	—	—	1.32±0.12
16	β-石竹烯 β-caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	23.263	4.02±0.72c	25.45±1.19b	53.40±1.74a
17	（Z）-α-没药烯 (Z)-α-bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	24.172	0.24±0.05c	0.77±0.01b	1.66±0.10a
18	香树烯 Alloaromadendrene	C₁₅H₂₄	24.289	—	—	1.12±0.02
19	β-愈创木烯 β-guaiene	C₁₅H₂₄	24.635	—	1.32±0.16	—
20	毕澄茄烯 Cubebene	C₁₅H₂₄	24.809	1.14±0.16b	5.14±0.50a	1.43±0.19b
21	佛术烯 Eremophilene	C₁₅H₂₄	24.997	0.54±0.16b	7.71±0.71a	0.11±0.01b
22	β-牛儿烯 β-cyclogermacrane	C₁₅H₂₄	25.168	0.94±0.22c	10.25±0.87b	13.55±0.92a
23	α-愈创木烯 α-guaiene	C₁₅H₂₄	25.473	—	—	1.47±0.12
24	δ-紫穗槐烯 δ-amorphene	C₁₅H₂₄	25.728	0.13±0.03b	1.40±0.11a	0.25±0.05b
	酯类 Esters
25	丁酸乙酯 Ethyl butyrate	C₆H₁₂O₂	3.959	0.62±0.17	—	—
26	苯酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate	C₈H₈O₂	13.789	—	7.48±0.22	—
27	苯酸乙酯 Ethyl benzoate	C₉H₁₀O₂	16.200	—	1.86±0.41	—
28	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate	C₈H₈O₃	16.861	0.87±0.53a	0.89±0.16a	—
29	辛酸乙酯 Ethyl caprylate	C₁₀H₂₀O₂	17.045	0.04±0.01	—	—
30	（－）-二氢乙酸香芹酯 (－)-dihydrocarvyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	18.612	0.30±0.02	—	—
31	水杨酸乙酯 Ethyl salicylate	C₉H₁₀O₃	19.108	0.58±0.14	—	—
32	（Z）-3，7-二甲基-2，6-辛二烯酸甲酯 (Z)-3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-methyl geranate	C₁₁H₁₈O₂	20.590	0.09±0.02	—	—
33	亚麻酸甲酯 Stearidonic acid methyl ester	C₁₉H₃₀O₂	22.471	0.11±0.01b	0.25±0.01a	—
	醇类 Alcohols
34	（Z）-3-己烯-1-醇 (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol	C₆H₁₂O	5.559	0.17±0.04	—	—
35	桉树醇 Cineole	C₁₀H₁₈O	11.726	2.72±0.32a	—	0.20±0.05b
36	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol	C₁₄H₁₄O₂	11.797	—	0.86±0.38	—
37	2-亚甲基-环己醇 2-methylenecyclohexanol	C₇H₁₂O	13.095	—	0.29±0.01	—
38	芳樟醇 Linalool	C₁₀H₁₈O	14.020	1.28±0.12a	—	0.37±0.13b
39	苯乙醇 Phenylethyl alcohol	C₈H₁₀O	14.349	2.46±0.78a	0.46±0.20b	—
40	3，6-亚壬基-1-醇 3, 6-nonadien-1-ol	C₉H₁₆O	15.781	0.31±0.03	—	—
41	α-松油醇 α-terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	16.968	0.17±0.06	—	—
	醚类 Ethers
42	苄基甲醚 Benzyl methyl ether	C₈H₁₀O	10.154	—	1.11±0.12	—
43	邻甲基苯甲醚 o-methylanisole	C₈H₁₀O	10.871	—	2.09±0.25a	0.12±0.03b
44	对甲基苯甲醚 p-methylanisole	C₈H₁₀O	11.297	0.20±0.05	—	—
45	对苯二甲醚 p-dimethoxybenzene	C₈H₁₀O₂	15.965	—	2.05±0.44	—
46	丁香酚甲醚 Methyleugenol	C₁₁H₁₄O₂	22.673	0.42±0.05a	0.58±0.25a	—
	芳烃类 Aromatics
47	邻异丙基甲苯 o-cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	11.462	1.00±0.35	—	—
	酮类 Ketones
48	5-苯基戊烷-2-酮 5-phenylpentan-2-pentanone	C₁₁H₁₄O	18.695	—	0.19±0.06	—

Table 1 Aroma components and their relative contents of flowers in three varieties of jaboticaba

Table 2 Aroma categories in flowers and fruits of three varieties of jaboticaba

Table 3 Composition of terpenes in flowers and fruits of three varieties of jaboticaba

编号 No.	挥发性成分 Volatile component	分子式 Molecular formula	保留时间 Retention time/min	‘沙巴’ 果实 ‘Sb’ fruit	‘四季早生’果实 ‘Sjzs’ fruit	‘福冈’果实 ‘Fukuoka’ fruit
	萜烯类 Terpenes
1	α-蒎烯 α-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	6.042	8.47±0.56a	6.09±0.16b	7.47±0.67a
2	β-蒎烯 β-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	6.924	10.53±0.54a	8.53±0.81b	7.50±0.95b
3	D-柠檬烯 D-limonene	C₁₀H₁₆	7.943	15.48±1.86a	4.54±0.79b	1.27±0.06c
4	β-罗勒烯 β-ocimene	C₁₀H₁₆	8.255	10.64±1.64a	6.21±1.46b	7.37±0.50b
5	3-蒈烯 3-carene	C₁₀H₁₆	8.514	—	—	3.11±0.16
6	δ-榄香烯 δ-elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	13.671	—	1.23±0.18	—
7	Cadina-1, 4-diene	C₁₅H₂₄	14.386	—	0.82±0.06	—
8	（－）-β-榄香烯 (－)-β-elemene	C₁₅H₂₄	14.584	—	1.63±0.31b	2.66±0.41a
9	β-石竹烯 β-caryophyllene	C₁₅H₂₄	15.117	5.43±1.03c	13.19±0.42b	41.21±2.09a
10	β-长叶烯 β-longipinene	C₁₅H₂₄	15.419	—	0.32±0.10	—
11	（Z）-α-没药烯 (Z)-α-bisabolene	C₁₅H₂₄	15.683	—	0.91±0.09b	2.78±0.08a
12	（＋）-香橙烯 (＋)-aromandendrene	C₁₅H₂₄	15.764	4.49±0.67a	0.60±0.05b	4.07±0.33a
13	（－）-α-古芸烯 (－)-α-gurjunene	C₁₅H₂₄	15.948	—	1.15±0.25	—
14	毕澄茄烯 Cubebene	C₁₅H₂₄	16.079	14.05±1.31a	15.49±1.44a	—
15	佛术烯 Eremophilene	C₁₅H₂₄	16.213	—	9.52±1.71	—
16	α-愈创木烯 α-guaiene	C₁₅H₂₄	16.247	—	—	2.18±0.37
17	（－）-α-新丁香三环烯 (－)-α-neoclovene	C₁₅H₂₄	16.327	3.74±1.15b	12.83±2.77a	14.51±1.63a
18	γ-紫穗槐烯 γ-amorphene	C₁₅H₂₄	16.569	—	0.25±0.08	—
19	δ-紫穗槐烯 δ-amorphene	C₁₅H₂₄	16.629	—	1.38±0.14	—
20	大根香叶烯B Germacrene B	C₁₅H₂₄	17.286	—	1.70±0.18	—
	酯类 Esters
21	丁酸乙酯 Ethyl butyrate	C₆H₁₂O₂	3.621	2.80±0.92a	—	2.14±0.31a
22	（Z）-2-丁烯酸乙酯 (Z)-2-butenoic acid ethyl ester	C₆H₁₀O₂	4.335	5.69±1.00a	1.01±0.20b	—
23	（Z）-3-己烯醇甲酸酯 (Z)-3-hexenyl formate	C₇H₁₂O₂	7.427	—	1.09±0.24	—
24	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	C₈H₁₆O₂	7.561	—	0.76±0.22	—
25	苯酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate	C₈H₈O₂	9.211	3.46±1.01	—	—
26	乙酸芳樟酯 Linalyl acetate	C₁₂H₂₀O₂	9.302	2.85±0.04b	4.51±1.19a	—
	醇类 Alcohols
27	叶醇 Leaf alcohol	C₆H₁₂O	4.540	—	2.07±0.41	—
28	桉叶油醇 Eucalyptol	C₁₀H₁₈O	8.011	3.85±0.94a	0.47±0.06b	—
29	α-松油醇 α-terpineol	C₁₀H₁₈O	11.163	—	0.43±0.16	—
30	α-菖蒲醇 α-acorenol	C₁₅H₂₆O	17.823	—	—	2.02±0.14
	芳烃类 Aromatics
31	苯乙烯 Styrene	C₈H₈	5.200	—	2.43±1.44	—
	烯烃类 Alkenes
32	（E）-1，4-己二烯 (E)-1, 4-hexadiene	C₆H₁₀	7.410	4.12±0.26	—	—

Table 4 Aroma components and their relative contents in fruits in three varieties of jaboticaba

Fig. 1 Comparisons of main aroma component contents of flowers in three varieties of jaboticabaDifferent lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among different aroma components in the same variety at the 0.05 probability level.

Fig. 2 Comparisons of main aroma component contents of fruits in three varieties of jaboticabaDifferent lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among different aroma components in the same variety at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 5 Similarity of aroma components in flowers and fruits of three varieties of jaboticaba


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