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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (5): 618-624    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.041
Agricultural engineering     
Structure design and field test of vibration swing type seedling lifting and soil cleaning machine
Peng HUO1,2(),Jianping LI1(),Xin YANG1,Shucai XU2,Xiaowen FAN1,2
1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Abstract  

In order to realize the mechanization of the process of the orchard seedling leaving the nursery, the structure of seedling lifting and soil cleaning machine was designed, and the parametric design was carried out for key components such as seedling lifting device and soil cleaning device, and then finite element analysis and optimization were carried out for the seedling lifting shovel. The results showed that the maximum equivalent stress decreased from 5.026 MPa to 0.238 MPa, and the maximum equivalent strain decreased from 2.141 to 0.663. The overall deformation was far less than 5 mm, which met the design requirements. Finally, the reliability of the prototype was verified by field test. The results showed that the main root length of the seedlings was between 120 mm and 150 mm, and the injury rate of the seedlings was low, which met the requirements of agronomy. The size parameters of the machine are expected to provide a reference for the design and research of the seedling lifting and soil cleaning device.

Key words： seedling lifting      soil cleaning      structural design      finite element analysis      field test     
Received: 04 March 2020      Published: 19 November 2020
CLC:  S 232  
Corresponding Authors: Jianping LI     E-mail: pah0319@163.com;ljpnd327@126.com
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Peng HUO
Jianping LI
Xin YANG
Shucai XU
Xiaowen FAN
Cite this article:

Peng HUO,Jianping LI,Xin YANG,Shucai XU,Xiaowen FAN. Structure design and field test of vibration swing type seedling lifting and soil cleaning machine. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(5): 618-624.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.041     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2020/V46/I5/618


振摆式起苗清土一体机结构设计与田间试验

为了实现果园苗木出圃过程机械化，对起苗清土一体机的起苗装置、清土装置等关键部件进行参数化设计，并对起苗铲进行有限元分析和优化。结果表明：起苗铲最大等效应力由5.026 Mpa降为0.238 MPa，最大等效应变由2.141降为0.663，整体变形远小于设计要求的5 mm，符合设计要求。通过田间试验对样机可靠性进行验证，结果表明，所起苗木的主根长度在120～150 mm之间，苗株伤害率较低，满足农艺要求。该振摆式起苗清土一体机尺寸参数可为后续开展起苗清土装置的设计研发提供参考。


关键词： 起苗,  清土,  结构设计,  有限元分析,  田间试验 
Fig. 1 Structural diagram of seedling lifting and soil cleaning system1: Reducer; 2: Main drive chain; 3: Supporting drive chain; 4: Seedling lifting device; 5: Rack; 6: Soil cleaning device; 7: Seedling lifting shovel.
Fig. 2 Transportation belt and power transmission device1: Chain; 2: Bevel gear transmission; 3: Transmission shaft of expansion joint; 4: Right belt; 5: Left belt; 6: Pulley bracket; 7: Spring; 8: Guide pulley.
Fig. 3 Shaking type soil cleaning device1: Chain; 2: Shaft; 3: Swing ring; 4: Soil cleaning rod; 5: Ball joint connecting rod; 6: Connecting rod; 7: Oscillating rod.
Fig. 4 Diagram of spatial four-bar mechanism

装置组别

Installation group

LOA /mmLAB /mmLBC /mmLCD /mmLOD /mmα/(°)
1220.45142.85352.64349.79408.01－20
2220.59151.59339.94360.31400.63－20
3212.50140.59361.25350.69412.46－20
4220.76177.32340.52349.49408.01－20
5211.11140.90350.51363.25410.64－15
6234.58152.34353.84351.34393.49－20
7221.88171.58360.25364.28391.61－15
8209.90150.68350.82350.31413.06－15
9223.45142.27360.36362.44381.59－15
10220.69141.19358.92362.30391.61－20
Table 1 Real size of the optimized mechanism
参数 Parameter数值 Value
铲刃角 Shovel blade angle/(°)170
铲宽 Shovel width/mm400
铲厚 Shovel thickness/mm16
铲长 Shovel length/mm325
铲壁后倾角 Rake angle of shovel wall/(°)16
Table 2 Size parameters of seedling lifting shovel
Fig. 5 Design drawing of seedling lifting shovel
参数 Parameter数值 Value
密度 Density/(kg/m3)2.08×103
相对密度 Relative density2.68
内摩擦角 Angle of internal friction/rad0.436
体积模量 Bulk modulus/Pa35×106
剪切模量 Shear modulus/Pa22×106
含水率 Moisture content/%30
Table 3 Soil material parameters
Fig. 6 Simulation results of bionic seedling lifting shovelA. Equivalent stress; B. Equivalent strain.
Fig. 7 Optimization results of bionic seedling lifting shovelA. Equivalent stress; B. Equivalent strain.

试验序号

Test number

装置组别

Installation group

前进速度

Speed/(km/h)

主根长度

Length of main root/mm

主根平均长度

Average length of

main root/mm

12345678910
1第4组2.0147145152142134157142150135134143.8
23.6136132142143135129142157151149141.6
3第7组2.0143159131135146150152145152157147.0
43.6142146142153143152124135148138141.3
5传统组2.0122147120163141131157134143125138.3
63.6125145142125165125143165127123138.5
Table 4 Field test results
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