Research progress on coupling of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation in the rumen

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.01.171

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (5): 519-528 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.01.171

Reviews

Research progress on coupling of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation in the rumen

Xinxin XU(

),Jiakun WANG(

)

Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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Abstract

Reducing methane emission from ruminants has important economic value and ecological significance. Anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) is an important way to reduce methane emissions in different ecosystems, including wetlands, marine habitats and lakes. According to different electron acceptors, AMO can be divided into sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (S-DAMO), nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (N-DAMO) and metal-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (M-DAMO). Feeding nitrate and sulfate to ruminants also has methane-lowering effects; however, this process has always been thought to be the result of $N O 3 －$ or $S O 4 2 －$ competition for hydrogen as the electron acceptor. The thermodynamic reactions of N-DAMO and S-DAMO are superior to nitrate reduction reaction and sulfate reduction reaction, and if AMO can proceed in rumen, it will be of great significance to improve environment and feed utilization efficiency. Therefore, based on the description of the type of AMO, mechanisms of AMO and microorganisms involved, this paper compared the differences of nitrate and sulfate reducing methane production in the natural habitat and rumen, and found that AMO may occur in the rumen, which may be one of the reasons for the reduction of methane production in the rumen by nitrate and sulfate.

Key words： rumen methanogenesis anaerobic methane oxidation coupling

Received: 17 January 2020 Published: 19 November 2020

CLC:

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Corresponding Authors: Jiakun WANG E-mail: xuxinxin2299@163.com;jiakunwang@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Xinxin XU,Jiakun WANG. Research progress on coupling of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation in the rumen. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(5): 519-528.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.01.171 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2020/V46/I5/519

瘤胃内甲烷生成与厌氧氧化过程耦联研究进展

降低反刍动物甲烷排放具有重要的经济价值和生态意义。甲烷厌氧氧化（anaerobic methane oxidation, AMO）是湿地、海洋以及湖泊等生态系统中减少甲烷排放的重要途径。根据反应过程中电子受体的不同，AMO分为硫酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化（sulfate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, S-DAMO）、硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化（nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, N-DAMO）和金属依赖型甲烷厌氧氧化（metal-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane, M-DAMO）。饲喂反刍动物硝酸盐和硫酸盐也有降甲烷的效果，但这一过程一直被认为是 $N O 3 －$ 或 $S O 4 2 －$ 作为电子受体竞争氢的结果。而N-DAMO和S-DAMO的热动力学反应优于硝酸盐和硫酸盐还原反应，若反刍动物瘤胃中能实现AMO，对改善环境及提高饲料利用效率都具有重要意义。为此，本文在阐述AMO类型、反应机制及其涉及的微生物的基础上，比较了自然环境和反刍动物瘤胃中硝酸盐和硫酸盐对甲烷产量影响的差异，发现AMO可能在瘤胃中发生，是硝酸盐、硫酸盐降低瘤胃甲烷产量的原因之一。

关键词： 瘤胃, 甲烷生成, 甲烷厌氧氧化, 耦联

Table 1 Methane oxidation rates in the different types of anaerobic methane oxidation processes

Fig. 1 Nitrate and nitrite^{competition for hydrogen, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and reverse methanogenesis processes^{[21,30,38-39]}}Yellow lines represent the process of

N O 3 －

and

N O 2 －

competing hydrogen; blue lines represent the pathway of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis; and red lines represent the process of reverse methanogenesis. Fmd: Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase; Ftr: Formylmethanofuran-H₄MPT formyltransferase; Mch: Methenyl-H₄MPT cyclohydrolase; Mtd: F₄₂₀H₂-dependent methylene-H₄MPT dehydrogenase; Mer: Methylene-H₄MPT reductase; Mtr: Methyl-H₄MPT:coenzyme M (CoM) methyltransferase; Hdr: Coenzyme B-coenzyme M heterodisulfde (CoB-S-S-CoM) reductase; Mcr: Methyl-CoM reductase.

反应名称 Reaction name	反应方程式 Reaction equation	底物ΔG Substrate ΔG/(kJ/mol)
甲烷生成 Methanogenesis	CO₂＋4H₂→CH₄＋2H₂O	－16.9
同型产乙酸 Homoacetogenesis	2CO₂＋4H₂→CH₃ $C O O －$ ＋ $H ＋$ ＋2H₂O	－2.2
硫酸盐还原 Sulfate reduction	$S O 4 2 －$ ＋4H₂＋ $H ＋$ → $H S －$ ＋4H₂O	－21.1
硝酸盐还原 Nitrate reduction	$N O 3 －$ ＋H₂→ $N O 2 －$ ＋H₂O	－130.0
亚硝酸盐还原 Nitrite reduction	$N O 2 －$ ＋3H₂＋ $2 H ＋$ → $N H 4 ＋$ ＋2H₂O	－124.0
S-DAMO	CH₄＋ $S O 4 2 －$ →H $C O 3 －$ ＋ $H S －$ ＋H₂O	－16.6
N-DAMO ( $N O 3 －$ )	5CH₄＋8 $N O 3 －$ ＋ $8 H ＋$ →5CO₂＋4N₂＋14H₂O	－765.0
N-DAMO ( $N O 2 －$ )	3CH₄＋8N $O 2 －$ ＋ $8 H ＋$ →3CO₂＋4N₂＋10H₂O	－928.0
M-DAMO ( $M n 4 ＋$ )	CH₄＋4MnO₂＋ $7 H ＋$ →H $C O 3 －$ ＋ $4 M n 2 ＋$ ＋5H₂O	－556.0
M-DAMO ( $F e 3 ＋$ )	CH₄＋ $8 F e 3 ＋$ ＋2H₂O→CO₂＋ $8 F e 2 ＋$ ＋ $8 H ＋$	－454.6

Table 2 Gibbs free energy for reduction or oxidation reactions using different electron receptors^{[11,14，48,50]}

添加物 Additive	添加剂量和形式 Dose and form	降甲烷效果 Effect of reducing methane	文献 Reference
$N O 3 －$	2.6% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－32%	[10]
	2.1% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－16%	[52]
	2.15% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－1.9 g/kg DMI	[56]
	0.53% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－6%	[57]
	1.36% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－13%	[57]
	2.11% 5Ca(NO₃)₂?NH₄NO₃?10H₂O	－23%	[57]
	5 mmol/L $N O 3 －$	－6.8 mL	[51]
	2% NaNO₃	－9.38 mL	[58]
	4% KNO₃	－23%或6.9 L/d	[59]
$S O 4 2 －$	2.6% MgSO₄	－16%	[10]
$S O 4 2 －$	0.93% CaSO₄	－19.6 L/kg DMI	[60]

Table 3 Studies of reducing methane production in rumen by adding nitrate or sulfate

Table 4 Differences in the effects of nitrate and sulfate on methane production in natural habitats and rumen^{[10-11,48，50]}


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