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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (1): 111-118    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.281
Research articles     
Design of excitation and acquisition system of acoustic vibration signal for apple hardness tester
Ranran WANG1,2(),Xin LIU1,2,Meng YI1,Deang ZHAI1,Shuangxi LIU1,Jinxing WANG1,2()
1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an Shandong 271018, China
2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai’an Shandong 271018, China
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Abstract  

An apple hardness tester was designed based on acoustic pulse method. The detection equipment was mainly composed of signal excitation device and signal acquisition system. Most apples could be knocked in this signal excitation system, because of proper designs of the swing angle, the bending angle and the adjustable height of the striking steel plate. Apple could be knocked freely to meet the requirements of automatic detection on assembly line by controlling the work of electromagnet and solenoid valve. In the signal acquisition system, the EAROBE SuperLav microphone and MPU6050 vibration sensor were used to collect acoustic vibration signals, and the collected data were analyzed using MATLAB software. The results showed that, using the designed detection equipment, most of the apples could be hit non-destructively, and the acoustics and vibration signal patterns of apples with different hardnesses were obviously different. It is indicated that the non-destructive testing and grading of apple can be realized on assembly line by acoustic pulse method.

Key words： apple      hardness      excitation device      signal acquisition      non-destructive testing     
Received: 28 May 2019      Published: 25 February 2020
CLC:  S 23  
Corresponding Authors: Jinxing WANG     E-mail: wranran@163.com;jinxingw@163.com
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Ranran WANG
Xin LIU
Meng YI
Deang ZHAI
Shuangxi LIU
Jinxing WANG
Cite this article:

Ranran WANG,Xin LIU,Meng YI,Deang ZHAI,Shuangxi LIU,Jinxing WANG. Design of excitation and acquisition system of acoustic vibration signal for apple hardness tester. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(1): 111-118.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.281     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2020/V46/I1/111


面向苹果硬度检测仪的声振信号激励与采集系统设计

本文设计了基于声振法的苹果硬度检测仪，该检测设备主要由信号激励装置和信号采集系统2部分组成。在信号激励装置中，基于对击打钢板的摆角、弯曲角和可调高度的设计，使大多数苹果都可以被敲击到；通过控制电磁铁和电磁阀的工作状态以实现对苹果的自由敲击，从而满足流水线自动作业需求。在信号采集系统中，使用EAROBE SuperLav麦克风和MPU6050振动传感器收集声音和振动信号，并使用MATLAB软件对收集的数据进行分析。结果表明：使用所设计的检测设备，绝大多数苹果都可以被无损敲击，并且不同硬度苹果的声振信号图差异明显。说明利用声振法能够实现在流水线上对苹果进行无损检测并分级。


关键词： 苹果,  硬度,  激励装置,  信号采集,  无损检测 
Fig. 1 General structure diagram of apple testing device
Fig. 2 Mechanical structure diagram of percussion device 1. Solenoid valve; 2. Solenoid valve return spring; 3. Electromagnet; 4. Striking steel plate; 5. Vibration signal detection device; 6. Hit head; 7. Apple to be tested; 8. Fruit tray; 9. Mounting plate; 10. Rotating shaft; 11. Hold-down support; 12. Base; 13. Adjusting sleeve; 14. Microphone.
Fig. 3 Acoustic signals collected by rubber head hitting
Fig. 4 Acoustic signals collected by nylon head hitting
Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of apple profile and its hit surface
果实大小 Fruit size 果径 Fruit diameter/mm
小型 Small size 70～＜80
中型 Middle size 80～＜85
大型 Large size ≥85
Table 1 Fuji apples graded by fruit size
Fig. 6 Relative location of parts
Fig. 7 Section drawing of the striking steel plate a. Stroke length of the solenoid valve; b. Length of the open groove; c. Distance from the position of the striking head to the end of the open groove; d. Length of the installation position of the striking head; e. Total length of the striking steel plate.

型号

Model

额定电压

Nominalvoltage/V

额定吸入压力

Rated suctionpressure/N

额定行程

Ratedstroke/mm

全行程

Wholestroke/mm

消耗功率

Consumed power/W

操作频率

Operating frequency/(times/h)

长×宽×高

Length×width×height/mm
MFB1-4YC 110/220 ≥40 6 ≥8.5 ≤40 7 200 100.0×55.6×71.0
Table 2 Parameters of solenoid valve

型号

Model

吸力

Suction/kg

电压

Voltage/V

厚度

Thickness/mm

直径

Diameter/mm

安装孔

Mounting hole

功率

Power/W

质量

Mass/g
KB-25/20 6.0 12/24 20 25 M 4 4 50
Table 3 Parameters of electromagnet
Fig. 8 Physical drawing of the testing device
Fig. 9 Acoustic oscillogram of the apple (No. 1) with hardness of 67 N/cm2
Fig. 10 Vibration oscillogram of the apple (No. 1) with hardness of 67 N/cm2
Fig. 11 Acoustic oscillogram of the apple (No. 99) with hardness of 91 N/cm2
Fig. 12 Vibration oscillogram of the apple (No. 99) with hardness of 91 N/cm2
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