Effects of dense-planting pattern of apple on soil moisture in Weibei dry plateau

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.04.181

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (3): 308-318 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.04.181

Crop cultivation & physiology

Effects of dense-planting pattern of apple on soil moisture in Weibei dry plateau

Gangshuan BAI^1,²(

),Chaoyu ZOU³,Sheni DU^1,²

^1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
^2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
^3.Ji’an Wetland Management Center, Ji’an 343000, Jiangxi, China

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Abstract

In order to reduce the adverse effects of soil desiccation on apple production and provide scientific support for apple cultivation in Weibei dry plateau, taking apple orchard with vigorous stock dense-planting in full bearing age as a control, the soil moisture contents of dwarfing stock and semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting orchards with same tree age and same fruit yields were adjusted to the same level in the 0-300 cm soil layer before germination stage, and the soil moisture contents in different soil layers in different orchards were monitored regularly. The result showed that the soil moisture content in the 0-300 cm soil layer in the dwarfing stock dense-planting orchard was higher than that in the semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting orchard, and that of in the semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting orchard was higher than that in the vigorous stock dense-planting orchard, and the gap between different orchards gradually increased from spring to autumn. The soil evapotranspiration of the dwarfing stock dense-planting, semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting and vigorous stock dense-planting orchards were 4.51, 46.37 and 92.70 mm higher than that of the precipitation in the same period during the monitoring period (from March to November in 2016), respectively; as such, they were －18.06, 22.35 and 65.34 mm higher during the growth period of apple trees (from April to October in 2016), respectively, which indicated that the vigorous stock dense-planting pattern increased the soil desiccation. The water use efficiency of dwarfing stock dense-planting and semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting orchards increased by 14.98% and 9.58%, respectively. In a sum, dwarfing stock dense-planting and semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting patterns could not only slow down the soil desiccation, but also could increase soil water use efficiency and production value, so dwarfing and semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting patterns should be popularized in Weibei dry plateau.

Key words： apple dwarfing stock dense-planting semi-dwarfing stock dense-planting soil moisture

Received: 18 April 2019 Published: 04 June 2020

CLC:

S 661.1

Corresponding Authors: Gangshuan BAI E-mail: gshb@nwsuaf.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Gangshuan BAI,Chaoyu ZOU,Sheni DU. Effects of dense-planting pattern of apple on soil moisture in Weibei dry plateau. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(3): 308-318.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.04.181 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2020/V46/I3/308

渭北旱塬苹果密植栽培模式对土壤水分的影响

为了减轻渭北旱塬苹果栽培中土壤干燥化对苹果生产带来的不利影响，以盛果期乔砧密植园为对照，在萌芽前将相同树龄、相同产量的半矮化砧密植园和矮砧密植园0～300 cm土层的土壤水分调整成同一水平，定期监测不同密植栽培模式对不同土层土壤水分的影响，以便为该区域苹果栽培提供科学支撑。结果表明：矮砧密植园0～300 cm土层土壤水分高于半矮化砧密植园，半矮化砧密植园高于乔砧密植园，且从春季到秋季，不同果园土壤水分之间的差距逐渐增大。监测期（2016年3—11月）矮砧、半矮化砧和乔砧密植园的土壤水分蒸散量较同期降水量分别高出4.51、46.37和92.70 mm，生长期（2016年4—10月）分别高出－18.06、22.35和65.34 mm，说明乔砧密植加剧了果园土壤干燥化。矮砧、半矮化砧密植园的土壤水分利用效率较乔砧密植园分别提高了14.98%和9.58%。综上所述，矮砧密植、半矮化砧密植可减缓果园土壤干燥化，提高果园土壤水分利用效率，所以渭北旱塬应积极推广苹果矮砧、半矮化砧密植栽培。

关键词： 苹果, 矮砧密植, 半矮化砧密植, 土壤水分

Table 1 Growth status of apple trees in different orchards with different dense-planting patterns before experiment

Fig. 1 Supplementary irrigation area and monitoring point of the apple orchardThe supplementary irrigation area and monitoring area are in the box; the dot is the monitoring point of soil moisture.

Table 2 Amount of supplementary irrigation of different apple orchards with different dense-planting patterns before experiment

Fig. 2 Soil water storage of apple orchard under different cultivation models on different growth stagesA. Flowering and fruit-setting stage; B. Young fruit enlargement stage; C. Flower bud differentiation stage; D. Fruit enlargement stage before harvesting.

Fig. 3 Soil water storage of apple orchard under different cultivation models in different soil layersA. 0-100 cm soil layer; B. ＞100-200 cm soil layer; C. ＞200-300 cm soil layer; D. 0-300 cm soil layer.

Table 3 Soil evapotranspiration and precipitation of different apple orchards in different months


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