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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (5): 611-618    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.11.191
Animal sciences & veterinary medicine     
Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on milk production, rumen fermentation and serum anti-stress parameters of heat-stressed dairy cows
Zhihong TANG(),Ningning XU,Jun’an YE()
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abstract  

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of newly developed compound probiotics on milk production, rumen fermentation characteristics and serum anti-stress parameters of heat-stressed dairy cows. Forty-five late-lactation dairy cows were randomly allocated into three groups, including control group (basal total mixed ration, TMR), compound probiotics (CP) group (20 g/d compound probiotics per cow in TMR) and yeast culture (YC) group (100 g/d yeast culture per cow in TMR). The results indicated that the compound probiotics and yeast culture increased milk yield significantly (P=0.03) with no influence on milk content, and improved ammonia nitrogen and microbial protein concentrations in rumen fluid (P=0.04) with no influence on volatile fatty acid concentration. The compound probiotics and yeast culture enhanced the apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (P＜0.05), and a better performance was observed in the compound probiotic groups. The compound probiotics and yeast culture increased serum triiodothyronine (T3) content significantly (P＜0.01). Thus, the compound probiotics could alleviate the negative effect of heat stress on dairy cows, and perform better than the yeast culture.

Key words： heat-stressed dairy cow      compound probiotics      yeast culture      milk production      anti-stress capacity     
Received: 19 November 2018      Published: 05 December 2019
CLC:  S 816.7  
Corresponding Authors: Jun’an YE     E-mail: 458347721@qq.com;yja@zju.edu.cn
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Zhihong TANG
Ningning XU
Jun’an YE
Cite this article:

Zhihong TANG,Ningning XU,Jun’an YE. Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on milk production, rumen fermentation and serum anti-stress parameters of heat-stressed dairy cows. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(5): 611-618.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.11.191     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2019/V45/I5/611


复合益生菌和酵母培养物对热应激奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血清抗应激指标的影响

为探究新型复合益生菌对热应激奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵特征和血清抗应激指标的影响，选取45头泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛，分为3组，其中：对照组饲喂全混合日粮，复合益生菌组和酵母培养物组分别在对照组日粮基础上添加复合益生菌20 g/（d·头）和酵母培养物100 g/（d·头）。结果显示：日粮添加复合益生菌和酵母培养物显著提高了热应激奶牛产奶量（P=0.03），但对乳成分没有影响；且提高了瘤胃液氨态氮和微生物蛋白浓度（P=0.04），但对挥发酸产量没有影响。复合益生菌和酵母培养物显著提高了热应激奶牛粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率（P＜0.05），且复合益生菌的提升效果优于酵母培养物。此外，复合益生菌和酵母培养物显著提高了热应激奶牛血液中三碘甲腺原氨酸浓度（P＜0.01）。因此，在基础日粮中添加复合益生菌能够缓解热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响，并且效果显著优于酵母培养物。


关键词： 热应激奶牛,  复合益生菌,  酵母培养物,  生产性能,  抗应激能力 

成分

Ingredient

w/%
精料补充料1） Supplementary feed1)49.7
青贮全株玉米 Silage corn14.0
苜蓿草 Alfalfa hay21.5
燕麦草 Oat hay6.7
甜菜粕 Beet pulp5.9
脂肪粉 Fatty powder1.2
NaHCO30.5
糖蜜粉 Molasses0.5
合计 Total100.0

营养水平

Nutritional level

w/%
干物质 Dry matter49.7
粗蛋白 Crude protein16.2
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber35.4
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber18.7
乙醚提取物 Ether extract5.3
灰分 Ash10.8
钙 Ca0.8
磷 P0.5
Table 1 Ingredients and nutritional levels of basic ration
Fig. 1 Curve of milk yield under different temperature-humidity indexes and fed different probiotics

指标

Index

处理 TreatmentsP值 P-value

对照组

Control

YC组

Yeast culture

CP组

Compound probiotics

TWT×W
干物质采食量 Dry matter intake/(kg/d)13.84a13.86a13.16b0.310.02＜0.010.53
奶产量 Milk yield/(kg/d)17.50b18.48ab19.19a1.200.03＜0.011.00
4%乳脂校正乳 FCM/(kg/d)16.23b17.32ab18.12a1.040.04＜0.010.59
能量校正乳 ECM/(kg/d)16.12b17.44ab17.82a1.070.02＜0.010.99
饲料转化率 Feed efficiency/%1.28b1.35b1.48a0.08＜0.01＜0.010.98
Table 2 Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on dry matter intake, milk yield and feed efficiency of heat-stressed dairy cows

指标

Index

处理 TreatmentsP值 P-value

对照组

Control

YC组

Yeast culture

CP组

Compound probiotics

TWT×W
乳成分 Milk content/(g/kg)
乳脂 Milk fat35.936.537.10.240.84＜0.010.97
乳蛋白 Milk protein31.532.232.30.060.170.660.81
乳糖 Lactose46.747.548.60.120.100.250.44
总固形物 Total solids120.0120.0122.90.220.170.330.52
乳成分总量 Milk yield/(kg/d)
乳脂 Milk fat0.64b0.66b0.72a0.040.040.010.52
乳蛋白 Milk protein0.57c0.59b0.64a0.01＜0.01＜0.010.02
乳糖 Lactose0.84c0.87b0.96a0.02＜0.01＜0.010.57
总固形物 Total solids2.15b2.20b2.41a0.04＜0.01＜0.01＜0.01
乳尿素氮 MUN/(mg/dL)8.958.818.620.610.75＜0.010.19
体细胞数 SCC/(103 mL－1)188.44178.40162.8375.460.910.390.37
Table 3 Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on milk content of heat-stressed dairy cows

指标

Index

处理 Treatments

P值

P-value

对照组

Control

YC组

Yeast culture

CP组

Compound probiotics

有机物 Organic matter65.3a65.7a65.0a0.260.12
粗蛋白 Crude protein66.1b66.3b67.6a0.210.01
乙醚浸提物 Ether extract75.9b75.5b79.3a0.560.02
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber33.9b37.7a38.2a0.620.02
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber22.6b26.7a27.9a0.650.02
Table 4 Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on apparent nutrient digestibility of heat-stressed dairy cows w/%

指标

Index

处理 Treatments

P值

P-value

对照组

Control

YC组

Yeast culture

CP组

Compound probiotics

pH6.38a6.24a6.22a0.070.21
氨态氮 NH3-N/(mg/dL)7.49b8.95a9.04a0.410.04
微生物蛋白 MCP/(mg/mL)3.24b3.43a3.42a0.140.04
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA/(mmol/L)74.95a77.55a80.25a3.800.63
乙酸 Acetate/(mmol/L)53.55a56.84a58.55a2.540.41
丙酸 Propionate/(mmol/L)13.02a11.89a12.08a1.480.84
丁酸 Butyrate/(mmol/L)7.52a8.00a8.78a0.710.48
乙酸/丙酸 Acetate/Propionate4.30a5.09a4.97a0.520.46
Table 5 Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on rumen fermentation indexes of heat-stressed dairy cows

指标

Index

处理 Treatments

P值

P-value

对照组

Control

YC组

Yeast culture

CP组

Compound probiotics

葡萄糖 GLU/(mmol/L)3.283.353.410.140.08
游离脂肪酸 NEFA/(μmol/L)200.9180.7175.314.300.41
甘油三酯 TG/(mmol/L)0.060.060.060.010.99
总胆固醇 CHOL/(mmol/L)4.504.894.760.570.88
血尿素氮 BUN/(mmol/L)5.435.265.210.640.24
总蛋白 TP/(g/L)81.077.380.32.880.62
白蛋白 ALB/(g/L)25.025.524.70.780.78
球蛋白 GLO/(g/L)56.051.855.53.240.60
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD/(U/mL)83.484.383.04.130.97
Table 6 Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on serum biochemistry indexes of heat-stressed dairy cows

指标

Index

采样时间

Sampling time/d

处理 Treatments

P值

P-value

对照组

Control

YC组

Yeast culture

CP组

Compound probiotics

三碘甲腺原氨酸 T3/(ng/mL)09.06a10.55a9.66a0.400.06
427.93b9.84a9.52a0.33＜0.01
甲状腺素 T4/(ng/mL)065.32a78.58a73.97a5.630.25
4261.12a55.73a66.83a5.120.36
热激蛋白70 HSP70/(ng/mL)04.13a4.51a4.12a0.240.42
423.75a4.47a4.63a0.350.20
Table 7 Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on T3, T4 and HSP70 concentrations of heat-stressed dairy cows

指标

Index

处理 Treatment

对照组

Control

YC组

Yeast culture

CP组

Compound probiotics

奶产量 Milk yield/(kg/d)17.5018.4819.19
产奶收入 Milk income/(yuan/(d·head))77.0081.3184.44
干物质采食量 Dry matter intake/(yuan/(d·head))13.8413.8613.16
采食成本 Cost of feed intake/(yuan/(d·head))51.6251.7049.09
益生菌成本 Cost of probiotic/(yuan/(d·head))0.001.301.00
饲料成本 Feed cost/(yuan/(d·head))51.6253.0050.09
利润 Profit/(yuan/(d·head))25.3828.3134.35
Table 8 Effect of compound probiotics and yeast culture on economical profits of heat-stressed dairy cows
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