Characteristic of typical vegetation community and water use efficiency of dominant plants in desert steppe of Ningxia

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.08.071

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2019, Vol. 45

Issue (4): 460-471 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.08.071

Resource utilization & environmental protection

Characteristic of typical vegetation community and water use efficiency of dominant plants in desert steppe of Ningxia

Haiying HU(

),Huixia LI,Biao NI,Bin SHI,Dongmei XU,Yingzhong XIE(

)

College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical and technical basis for the selection and utilization of native grass by discussing the water use efficiency of dominant plants, and the vegetative characteristics of the Agropyron mongolicum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Stipa breviflora communities responding to different precipitation amounts in desert steppe of Ningxia. The field investigation and experiment were carried out; and carbon stable isotopic composition (δ¹³C) value, proline content and relative water content (RWC) of plant leaves were measured. The results showed that A. mongolicum, G. uralensis, S. breviflora and Lespedeza potaninii were the dominant species in the community with a large number of Artemisia scoparia, and they were all C₃ plants. With the increase of precipitation amount during the rainy season, the species richness, diversity indexes of these three communities and the soil water content increased significantly. There were significant effects on the leaf δ¹³C value, proline content and relative water content due to different precipitation amounts, and had significant interaction with different species, indicating that there were significant differences among these five species. In comparison, the water-use efficiency of G. uralensis was the highest; the anti-dehydration ability of A. mongolicum was the stronger than that of the others; the osmotic regulation ability of L. potaninii and A. scoparia was strong; and the water-use efficiency of S. breviflora was stable. The δ¹³C value of dominant plants was with significantly negative correlation to the soil water content, and with significantly positive correlation to the proline content, as well as the relative water content of leaves. Overall, precipitation significantly affected the community species composition, structure, and water use efficiency of dominant plants. Glycyrrhiza uralensis had a more water-saving trait, while S. breviflora and A. scoparia exhibited a more ‘conservative’ water use pattern,and A. mongolicum and L. potaninii had a flexible water use pattern.

Key words： desert steppe vegetative characteristics dominant plant carbon stable isotopic composition water use efficiency

Received: 07 August 2018 Published: 17 September 2019

CLC:

Q 945.79

Corresponding Authors: Yingzhong XIE E-mail: haiying@nxu.edu.cn;xieyz@nxu.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Haiying HU,Huixia LI,Biao NI,Bin SHI,Dongmei XU,Yingzhong XIE. Characteristic of typical vegetation community and water use efficiency of dominant plants in desert steppe of Ningxia. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(4): 460-471.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.08.071 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2019/V45/I4/460

宁夏荒漠草原典型群落的植被特征及其优势植物的水分利用效率

通过系统调查宁夏盐池县研究区在雨季前后蒙古冰草（Agropyron mongolicum）、甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis）和短花针茅（Stipa breviflora）群落植被特征，分析研究群落生境土壤含水量、优势植物叶片的碳稳定同位素组成（carbon stable isotopic composition, δ¹³C）、叶片相对含水量和脯氨酸含量的变化，探讨荒漠草原植物群落特征和植物对水分利用的差异，为荒漠草原地区优良乡土牧草的筛选和利用提供理论与技术依据。结果表明：蒙古冰草、甘草、短花针茅和牛枝子（Lespedeza potaninii）为群落优势种，猪毛蒿（Artemisia scoparia）为主要伴生种，群落中C₃植物居多，优势种均为C₃植物。雨季期间降水量使群落物种丰富度、多样性指数及土壤含水量均明显增加。降水量对上述5种植物叶片的δ¹³C值、脯氨酸含量和相对含水量的影响显著，且与不同物种之间有显著的交互作用，5种植物之间也呈现显著的种间差异。其中，甘草的水分利用效率最高，蒙古冰草的抗脱水能力较强，牛枝子和猪毛蒿具有较强的渗透调节能力，短花针茅具有稳定的水分利用效率。由相关性分析可知，植物的δ¹³C值与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关，与叶片脯氨酸含量和相对含水量呈显著正相关。总之，降水量显著影响了群落植被物种组成数量、结构及优势植物的水分利用效率和利用方式，其中，甘草最节水，猪毛蒿和短花针茅的水分利用比较保守，蒙古冰草和牛枝子具有灵活的用水模式。

关键词： 荒漠草原, 群落特征, 优势植物, 碳稳定同位素组成, 水分利用效率

Fig. 1 Daily precipitation amount and mean temperature in 2016

植物种 Species	科名 Family name	生活型 Life-form	蒙古冰草群落 A. mongolicum		甘草群落 G. uralensis		短花针茅群落 S. breviflora
植物种 Species	科名 Family name	生活型 Life-form	旱季 Dry season	雨季 Rainy season	旱季 Dry season	雨季 Rainy season	旱季 Dry season	雨季 Rainy season
蒙古冰草 Agropyron mongolicum	禾本科 Gramineae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	25.26	20.34	0.63	2.66	3.58	2.23
中亚白草 Pennisetum centrasiaticum	禾本科 Gramineae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.31	—	5.78	3.04	—	0.08
糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa	禾本科 Gramineae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.13	3.85	—	4.74	0.35	6.04
短花针茅 Stipa breviflora	禾本科 Gramineae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.12	1.19	1.44	2.74	40.59	30.03
赖草 Leymus secalinus	禾本科 Gramineae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.02	1.70	—	0.08	—	0.03
牛枝子 Lespedeza potaninii	豆科 Leguminosae	半灌木 Semi-shrub	10.39	13.11	3.94	13.57	19.38	11.89
猫头刺 Oxytropis aciphylla	豆科 Leguminosae	半灌木 Semi-shrub	1.12	4.11	0.05	0.10	—	1.04
甘草 Glycyrrhiza uralensis	豆科 Leguminosae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	8.83	3.38	24.87	15.28	8.49	3.13
砂珍棘豆 Oxytropis racemosa Turcz.	豆科 Leguminosae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	1.29	3.84	1.87	2.59	0.22	3.02
狭叶米口袋 Gueldenstaedtia stenophylla	豆科 Leguminosae	一年生草本 Therophyte	2.33	6.79	0.03	3.42	—	1.51
草木樨状黄芪 Astragalus melilotoides	豆科 Leguminosae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	—	—	0.73	—	—	—
黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	菊科 Compositae	半灌木 Semi-shrub	—	—	—	—	—	0.05
鳍蓟 Olgaea leucophylla	菊科 Compositae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	—	—	—	—	—	—
阿尔泰狗哇花 Heteropappus altaicus	菊科 Compositae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	—	—	10.80	8.76	1.80	1.26
叉枝鸦葱 Scorzonera divaricata	菊科 Compositae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	—	—	0.52	0.05	—	1.07
丝叶山苦荬 Ixeris chinensis var. graminifolia	菊科 Compositae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.77	5.71	0.13	0.94	—	0.89
猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia	菊科 Compositae	一年生草本 Therophyte	18.22	21.48	11.93	21.75	14.22	11.47
瘤果虫实 Corispermum tylocarpum	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	一年生草本 Therophyte	14.47	0.39	11.63	2.26	—	1.37
猪毛菜 Salsola collina	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	一年生草本 Therophyte	3.41	4.34	4.39	2.03	1.44	1.42
星状刺果藜 Bassia dasyphylla	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	一年生草本 Therophyte	—	—	0.23	—	—	—
银灰旋花 Convolvulus ammannii	旋花科 Convolvulus	多年生草本 Perennial herb	1.74	1.13	0.45	4.17	0.95	6.81
田旋花 Convolvulus arvensis L.	旋花科 Convolvulus	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.02	—	0.51	—	—	—
乳浆大戟 Euphorbia esula	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.67	0.47	3.18	0.70	0.03	2.56
地锦 Euphorbia humifusa	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	一年生草本 Therophyte	—	0.57	—	—	—	2.43
匍根骆驼蓬 Peganum nigellastrum	蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.52	0.08	0.27	1.65	2.22	0.87
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.18	0.06	1.79	0.17	—	2.92
远志 Polygala tenuifolia	远志科 Polygalaceae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	0.03	—	0.08	—	0.03	0.54
老瓜头 Cynanchum komarovii	萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae	多年生草本 Perennial herb	—	2.22	—	—	—	—

Table 1 Vegetative composition and the important value of community in desert steppe of Ningxia

Table 2 Species diversity indices of different communities before and after rainy season

Table 3 δ¹³C values of plant leaves in different communities

Fig. 2 Variation of soil water content among different communities before and after rainy season

Table 4 Effect of different precipitation amounts on δ¹³C value, free proline content and relative water content (RWC) of leaves among different plant species

Fig. 3 Variation of δ¹³C value, free proline content and RWC of leaves among different plant species before and after rainy season

Table 5 Correlation between δ¹³C value and soil water content, free proline content, RWC in the leaves of different plants

Fig. 4 Correlation between δ¹³C value and soil water content, free proline content, RWC of leaves


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