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Research progresses on functional roles and regulation mechanisms of nutrient element transporters in plants |
CHEN Di1, PAN Weihuai2, ZHOU Zaicai1, YAN Xu1, PAN Jianwei3* |
1. College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China; 2. College of Life Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China; 3. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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Abstract
Essential nutrient elements for plants, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn), are involved in regulation of many physiological and biochemical processes in plants, which are critical factors directly determining yield and quality of crops. However, excessive subcellular accumulation of these essential nutrient elements will be toxic for plant cells or the whole plant. Thus, uptake and transport processes of these nutrients must be tightly regulated at the cellular level. Focused on Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, this review briefly summarized the types, physical and chemical properties of nutrient element transporters, and elaborated their biological functions and action mechanisms in higher plants, including N transporter families (NPF, NRT2, CLC, SLAC/SLAH, and AMT), P transporter families (PHT1, PHT2, PHT3, PHT4, and PHT5), K transporter families (KT/HAK/KUP, HKT, CHX, and KEA), and Zn transporter families (ZIP, CDF, and P1B-type ATPase). Endocytosis from the plasma membrane (PM) is an important route for uptake of extracellular materials and regulation of PM-resident receptors or transporters, so we introduced potential roles of transporter endocytosis in uptake and transport of nutrient elements in plant cells. In the end, we made prospects of future studies on functional roles and regulation mechanisms of transporters, providing new ideas and strategies for efficient utilization of nutrients and genetic improvement of quality in crops.
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Published: 29 June 2018
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植物营养元素运输载体的功能及其调控机制研究进展
植物营养必需元素包括氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)和锌(Zn)等,它们参与调控植物许多生理、生化过程,是直接影响作物产量和品质的关键因子,但其过度积累也会对植物细胞或个体造成毒害。因此,这些营养元素的吸收和转运过程在细胞水平上必须被严格调控。本文以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为对象,简要总结了高等植物中这些元素转运蛋白的类型及理化性质,阐述了其生物学功能及其作用机制,如N转运蛋白家族(NPF、NRT2、CLC、SLAC/SLAH和AMTs)、P转运蛋白家族(PHT1、PHT2、PHT3、PHT4和PHT5)、K转运蛋白家族(KT/HAK/KUP、HKT、CHX和KEA)和Zn转运蛋白家族(ZIP、CDF和P1B型ATP酶)。由于细胞质膜内吞是胞外物质吸收、质膜受体或转运蛋白丰度调控的重要途径,因此,本文还分析了转运蛋白内吞调控在植物细胞营养元素吸收与转运中的功能。最后,对未来转运蛋白的功能及其调控机制研究进行了展望,为作物养分高效利用和品质遗传改良提供新的研究思路和策略。
关键词:
植物,
必需元素,
转运蛋白,
内吞,
功能
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