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| Influence of bulking agents on CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions during rapid composting of pig manure from the Chinese Ganqinfen system |
| Xiang-ping Sun, Peng Lu, Tao Jiang, Frank Schuchardt, Guo-xue Li |
| Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Environmental Sanitation Design Science Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China; College of Chemistry and Biology, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China; Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering, Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute, Braunschweig 38116, Germany |
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Abstract Mismanagement of the composting process can result in emissions of CH4, N2O, and NH3, which have caused severe environmental problems. This study was aimed at determining whether CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions from composting are affected by bulking agents during rapid composting of pig manure from the Chinese Ganqinfen system. Three bulking agents, corn stalks, spent mushroom compost, and sawdust, were used in composting with pig manure in 60 L reactors with forced aeration for more than a month. Gas emissions were measured continuously, and detailed gas emission patterns were obtained. Concentrations of NH3 and N2O from the composting pig manure mixed with corn stalks or sawdust were higher than those from the spent mushroom compost treatment, especially the sawdust treatment, which had the highest total nitrogen loss among the three runs. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH3, which accounts for 11.16% to 35.69% of the initial nitrogen. One-way analysis of variance for NH3 emission showed no significant differences between the corn stalk and sawdust treatments, but a significant difference was noted between the spent mushroom compost and sawdust treatments. The introduction of sawdust reduced CH4 emission more than the corn stalks and spent mushroom compost. However, there were no significant differences among the three runs for total carbon loss. All treatments were matured after 30 d.
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Received: 13 August 2013
Published: 06 April 2014
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