| Biotechnology |
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| All-trans retinoic acid promotes smooth muscle cell differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells |
| Zhong-yuan Su, Ying Li, Xiao-li Zhao, Ming Zhang |
| College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou 310058, China |
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Abstract Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells, an attractive resource for regenerative medicine. Accumulating evidence suggests that all-trans retinoic acid plays a key role in the development and differentiation of smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into smooth muscle cells upon the treatment with all-trans retinoic acid. All-trans retinoic acid increased the expression of myocardin, caldesmon, 22-kDa smooth muscle cell-specific protein (SM22α), and SM-myosin heavy chains in rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, as detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunostaining of SM22α and SM-myosin heavy chains using monoclonal antibodies also indicated smooth muscle cell differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells following the treatment with all-trans retinoic acid. In addition, more than 47% of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated the contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells. Western blot results showed that SM-1 and SM-2 were highly expressed in the differentiated cells. These results suggest that all-trans retinoic acid may serve as a potent agent for functional smooth muscle cell differentiation in tissue engineering.
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Received: 27 December 2009
Published: 04 July 2010
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