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Imaging technologies in oilfield applications
Xie C.G., North R., Wilt M., Zhang P., Denaclara H., Levesque C.
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2005, 6(12): 5-.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.A1394
In this paper, we describe some recent imaging technologies developed by Schlumberger for oilfield downhole multiphase flow production logging (PL) and cross-well electromagnetic (EM) survey applications. FloScan Imager (FSITM) has been introduced as a 3-phase oil/gas/water flow PL tool for deviated and horizontal wells. FSI sensors can map fluid velocity and holdup profiles along a vertical diameter of the wellbore at every survey depth, enabling a robust estimate of the individual phase flow rates in complex flow regimes. The cross-well EM survey is based on cross-borehole induction logging technique and provides resistivity distribution at a reservoir scale. It is a useful tool for reservoir management and is most effective in dynamic fields where fluid saturations are variable in time and space. The tool can be used to identify (water or steam) flooded and bypassed regions. By monitoring changes in the resistivity spatial distribution with time, cross-well EM survey is very effective at mapping inter-well temperature and structure. Some field examples are shown for both FloScan Imager PL tool and cross-well resistivity imaging survey.
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Ultrasonic tomography and its applications in oilfield
Zhong Xing-fu, Wu Ying-xiang, Li Dong-hui, Li Qiang, Wang Xing-guo
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2005, 6(12): 10-.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.A1420
UTT (Ultrasonic Tomography Tool) is widely used in the oil industry and can be used to inspect corrosion, casing wall damage, casing breakoff, and casing distortion in the well borehole with the maximum environment temperature being 125 °C, and the pressure being 60 MPa. UTT consists of tool head, upper centralization, electronic section, lower centralization, transmitters, and receivers. Its outer diameter is 4.6 cm and length is 320 cm. The measured casing diameter ranges from 60 mm to 254 mm. The tomography resolution is 512×512. The borehole measurement accuracy is 2 mm. It can supply 3D pipe tomography, including horizontal and vertical profile. This paper introduces its specification, measurement principle, and applications in oilfield.
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Design of fan beam optical sensor and its application in mass flow rate measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids
Li Yang, Zheng Ying-na, Yue Hong-wei
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2005, 6(12): 1430-1434.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.A1430
The fan-beam optical sensor is made up of many semiconductor lasers and detectors fixed around the wall alternately at a cross section of pneumatically conveying pipe. When the sensor works, a scanning light source emits a 50° lamellar fan-beam through the gas-solid two phase flow, and the projection data resulting extinction effect of solid particles are detected at the same time. With the projection data, the flow rate mass can be calculated, and then the flow image can be reconstructed. In this paper, the design of the sensor including spatial arrangement of the structural parts, basic principle and measurement sensitivity distribution are introduced. The mathematical measurement model of solid mass flow rate is presented together with the testing results.
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Design of ERT system
Zhu Jian-ping, Wang Bao-liang, Huang Zhi-yao, Li Hai-qing
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2005, 6(12): 1446-1448.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2005.A1446
A new electrical resistance tomography (ERT) system, based on the bi-directional current pulse technique, is developed. Polarization effects at the electrodes are eliminated. During each half cycle of the excitation process, direct current DC) is used as the excitation source and filtering is not needed. Moreover, using optimized data collection protocol, the number of current injections for a 16-electrode system is reduced to 14 for 104 independent readings of an image. Experimental results showed that the system is effective using the sensitivity coefficient algorithm for image reconstruction.
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15 articles
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