Computer vision has very wide application in human motion capture research. This paper proposes a new approach to do motion capture in video. It is composed of image sequence based tracking of human feature points and the reconstruction of the three-dimension(3D) motion skeleton. First, every part of the human body from top to bottom is tracked on the basis of a human model. The image difference and a morph-block similarity algorithm based on subpixels are used. Then camera calibration is done using the line correspondences between the 3D model and the image. Finally the 3D motion skeleton is established by use of the model knowledge. This approach does not aim at a given mode of human motion. Rather, it analyzes large scale motion from frame to frame in complex, variational background, and sets up a 3D motion skeleton in the perspective projection. The experiment results are presented at the end of the paper.

1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) was tested as a complexing agent for on-line preconcentration of iron on RP-C₁₈ material in a microcolumn with flow injection coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FI-FAAS). The on-line formed Fe(II)-phen complexes were adsorbed on the C₁₈ sorbent material. Various parameters affecting the on-line Fe(II)-phen complex formation and its subsequent adsorption in the microcolumn as well as its elution into the nebulizer of AAS were optimized. A 2.5×10⁻³ mol/L phen in 2% ethanol was on-line mixed with aqueous sample solution acidified with 0.1% (v/v) HCl and allowed to flow through the microcolumn for 30 s. The adsorbed Fe(II)-phen complexes in the microcolumn were eluted with ethanol in 10 s into the nebulizer of AAS. Ascorbic acid (5×10⁻⁴ mol/L) was added to the sample solution for the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). A good precision (RSD=1.1%, n=10), high enrichment factor (19) and sample throughput (90 h⁻¹) with detection limit (3σ) of 3 μg/L were obtained. The method was applied on standard reference materials (i.e. mussel and tomato leaves,) for iron determination and yielded results agreeing well with certified values.

This paper proposes a new algorithm for multivariate calibration named Principal Component Regression Based on Wavelet (PCRW) which combines wavelet decomposition technique with the factor analysis method for establishing a duplicate denoising mechanism. A practical example in spectral analysis of a typical multicomponent pharmaceutical system was used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. It was shown that PCRW produced fewer prediction errors than those obtained by using PCR.

A novel iron-ytterbium dinuclear catalyst,FcB(MeCp)Yb (MeCp) Cl (Fc: ferrocenyl, B: diethylene ether),was synthesized for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Synergistic effects between the ferrocenyl group and the lanthanocene part were investigated regarding their catalytic behaviors. UV, IR, GPC and NMR were used to characterize the structures of the catalyst and polymer. Kinetic study showed that polymerization is first order in monomer concentration and fractional order (0.78) in the catalyst. The bimetallic complex is a good catalyst for the polymerization of MMA, giving high molecular weight PMMA with 78% syndiotacticity.

4β-amino-4-desoxypodophyllotoxin and 4β-amino-4\'-demethyl-4desoxypodophyllo-toxin were synthesized by reduction of the corresponding 4β-azidopodophyllotoxin derivatives with HCO2NH4/Pd-C in excellent yields under convenient and mild reactive condition.

A turbulence gas-solid model that combines Eulerian approach and Lagrangian approach is formulated, which takes inter-particle interaction into consideration on the base of kinetic theory. The numerical algorithm is included. Comparison of the model results with the experimental results of Miller and Gidaspow (1992) showed good agreement.

This paper introduces a knowledge-based system for waste minimization in metal finishing and electroplating industries- MEPPI (minimization of environmental problems in processing industries) waste minimization techniques, such as process modification, raw materials reduction and resource recycling and recovery, and suggests its implementation in industries rather than end-of-pipe treatment.\n The data for process analysis, materials balance for each unit, and test data collection, should be inputted into MEPPI first. One can then obtain information on which unit will generate wastes, what kind waste will be produced, and the waste amount and content. Further analysis of this information can reveal if each unit is operating ideally and if the whole process is in the best state. MEPPI can indicate the possibility of waste minimization in every unit, provide all kinds of waste recovery and recycling methods for users to select from, and can reduce raw materials consumption so that the loading on the end-of-pipe treatment plant will be diminished. Realization of waste minimization will improve the economics of industries.\n MEPPI is a rich-database, friendly-interactive system integrating waste minimization audit calculation and waste minimization technique in a computer package. It can help designers to estimate the waste of a new factory and also process management or operators to minimize the release of hazardous or toxic waste into the environment.

Typhoon is one of the most destructive natural calamities. Statistical data on 1949-1990 typhoons in China were used to analyze the frequency and strength of the typhoons, the relation between them and the average global ground temperature. The probability distribution of wind speed and the load of low buildings were obtained respectively on the basis of statistical data on the No. 9015 and No. 9711 typhoon. The finite element method and experimental comparison were used to obtained the probability distribution of lateral force resistance of a three-story brick-concrete building. Finally, the reliability indexes of this kind of building under No. 9015 and No. 9711 typhoon; and some valuable suggestions are given.

Various ways for detecting slide valve failure are discussed in the paper. Specifically, a new method for detecting slide valve sticking state is first presented. The method does not depend on any special sensor and is only based on the detection of oscillation current wave within a valve coil. Results of theoretical analysis and experimental research are given for comparison. In order to remove a slide valve sticking online, a concept and method of \"electrical hammer\" is introduced. At last, an application example of the methods is discussed. In fact, it is an electro-hydraulic turbine system with failure diagnosis, fault-tolerant and trouble removal functions.

This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm of neural nets with a special perturbation for a real time velocity control system of a VVVF(Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) hydraulic elevator. The weight vector of the neural network is adaptively adjusted by the LMS (Least Mean Square) with perturbation, so it is not necessary to know the nonlinear continuous function of the control system. The nonlinear velocity control system is considered as the controller output function in an adaptive controller model. The experimental results obtained from the VVVF hydraulic elevator showed that the neural nets controller using the perturbation algorithm proposed are much stabler and faster in dynamic response compared with the conventional PID (Proportion-Integration-Derivation) controller.

The dual formulation of the discrete-time mixed l₂/l₁ control design problem was achieved by using the duality theory of Lagrange multipliers. For some special dual mixed l₂/l₁ problems, an approximation method for the optimal value is introduced. A suboptimal value of the infinite-dimensional dual problem can be obtained by solving a sequence of truncated problems. The convergence property of the solution scheme is investigated. This paper gives a low approximation method for the primal problem.

Consider the mixed-effect coefficient semiparametric regression model Z=X\'α+Y\'β+g(T)+e, where X, Y and T are random vectors on R^p×R^q×[0,1], α is a p-dimensional fixed-effect parameter, β is a q-dimensional random-effect parameter (Eβ=b, Cov(β)=∑), g(.) is an unknown function on [0,1], e is a random error with mean zero and variance σ², and (X,Y,T) and (β,e), β and e are mutually independent. We estimate α, b and g(.) by the nearest neighbor and the least square method. In this paper, we prove that estimations of α, b have asymptotic normality and obtain the best convergence rate n^−1/3 for the estimation of g(.).

New approaches based on general mixed linear models were presented for analyzing complex quantitative traits in animal models, seed models and QTL (quantitative trait locus) mapping models. Variances and covariances can be appropriately estimated by MINQUE (minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation) approaches. Random genetic effects can be predicted without bias by LUP (linear unbiased prediction) or AUP (adjusted unbiased prediction) methods. Mixed-model based composite interval mapping (MCIM) methods are suitable for efficiently searching QTLs along the whole genome. Bayesian methods and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods can be applied in analyzing parameters of random effects as well as their variances.

The present study was undertaken to clarify the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure at the early stage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg cisplatin. 0.9% saline was infused into them at a rate of 2 ml/h for 3 h, starting with a 2-ml bolus injection before cisplatin administration. 3 h following cisplatin administration, no evident morphological abnormalities were found by both light and electron microscopy; there were also no significant changes in GFR. Thirty min after cisplatin injection, urine sodium and potassium excretion increased by 56% and 260% those of the control animals, respectively. Apparent renal mitochondrial respiration dysfunction was observed in cisplatin-treated rats 3 h later; the state 4 respiration increased by 100% and state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone-uncoupled respiration decreased by 46%, 74% and 47% of the controls, respectively. The present data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a very early event in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats.

In this study of the relationship between hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) and neurohumor factors and ventricular arrhythmias, 180 cases were divided at random into 3 groups: 60 cases with primary hypertension and LVH(PH+LVH); 60 cases with simple hypertension(PH), and with other diseases and LVH(NPH+LVH). The results showed that 1. The excitability of the sympathetic nerve was not elevated while the activity of the vagus nerve was not significantly decreased in the patients with PH+LVH.The increased sympathetic nervous tension was correlated with the ventricular premature beat which was statistically correlated with the myocardial ischemia. 2. The patients\' condition in group PH+LVH was not correlated with the levels of aldosterone and insulin and was not even positively correlated with the levels of renin and angiotensin-II. 3. The patients in group PH+LVH had high incidence of ventricular premature beat and myocardial ischemia. 4. The patients\' condition in group NPH+LVH was not even positively correlated with the neurohumor factors but their heart failure was positively correlated with the levels of aldosterone, sympathetic nervous tension, myocardial ischemia and ventricular premature beat.

In recent years, there has emerged a new trend of \"green marketing\" focussing upon environmental protection. This new trend has been exerting strong impact on the traditional way of international marketing and will be in the mainstream of international marketing for the next century. To intensify the research on the new trend is of great significance for improving the capacity of marketing and participating in the competition in the world marketplaces. This paper first focuses analysis on the bases on which the new trend generated, then discusses the main content and significance of this new trend in the market economic condition and finally offers some suggestions on how China can meet the challenges of the new trend and grasp opportunities to develop \"green marketing\".

The authors studied and compared the 1898 Reform of China and the Meiji Restoration in an attempt to determine and show the different characteristics and influence, mainly from three aspects: (1) goal and historical background of the reforms,(2) introduction and features of the Western democratic thought into China and Japan,(3) establishment and guiding ideology of the modern educational system.

To deal with the problems of the disquieting biases between cultures in our times, the author analyzed the multiple horizon character of morality, proposed a four level model of morality. By using this alternative model of ethics, the author exposes the frailties of cultural stereotypes in both the East and the West, arguing that the moral efforts of all nations should be appreciated. The reason that people do not often see this fact comes mainly from their preoccupations with different moral horizons. The dialogue between different moral horizons and hence different cultures will help each side to develop a more adequate value system which can better solve problems decisive for the coexistence in global context.