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Analysis of digenic epistatic effects and QE interaction effects QTL controlling grain weight in rice
GAO Yong-ming, ZHU Jun, SONG You-shen, HE Ci-xin, SHI Chun-hai, XING Yong-zhong
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 371-377.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0371
Immortalized F2 population of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was developed by randomly mating F1 among recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from (Zhenshan 97B × Minghui 63), which allowed replications within and across environments. QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping analysis on kilo-grain weight of immortalized F2 population was performed by using newly developed software for QTL mapping, QTLMapper 2.0. Eleven distinctly digenic epistatic loci included a total of 15 QTL were located on eight chromosomes. QTL main effects of additive, dominance, and additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance interactions were estimated. Interaction effects between QTL main effects and environments (QE) were predicted. Less than 40% of single effects, most of which were additive effects, for identified QTL were significant at 5% level. The directional difference for QTL main effects suggested that these QTL were distributed in parents in the repulsion phase. This should make it feasible to improve kilo-grain weight of both parents by selecting appropriate new recombinants. Only few of the QE interaction effects were significant. Application prospect for QTL mapping achievements in genetic breeding was discussed.
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Impact of light intensity on flowering time and plant quality of Antirrhinum majus L. cultivar Chimes White
MUNIR Muhammad, JAMIL Muhammad, BALOCH Jalal-ud-din, KHATTAK Khalid Rehman
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 400-405.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0400
Shades of different light intensities (29%, 43%, 54%, 60% or 68%) along with control (no shade) were studied to observe their effects on the flowering time and plant quality. A hyperbolic relationship was observed between different light intensities under shade, and time to flowering. The total number of flower buds showed a curvilinear relationship with light intensities. Growth parameters related to the plant characteristics such as plant height, leaf area and plant fresh weight were improved under shading treatments at the expense of flowering time and number of flower buds. However, both linear and polynomial models applied assumed that cultivar Chimes White was equally sensitive to light intensity throughout development.
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Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
ALAM M.F., KHAN M.R., NURUZZAMAN M., PARVEZ S., SWARAZ A.M., ALAM I., AHSAN N.
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 406-411.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0406
The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height, days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length, days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F2progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties.
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Solid-phase microextraction for flavor analysis in Harari Khat (Catha edulis) stimulant
AL-FLAHI Abdulsalam, ZOU Jian-kai, YIN Xue-feng
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 428-431.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0428
This research examined the typical flavor compounds in the commonest type of Khat called Harari Khat grown in the region of Ethiopia. Twenty-eight compounds, which includes 1,2-Propanedione, 1-Phenyl, Hexanol, Hexanal compounds, Limonene, Benzaldehyde with other flavors, were extracted by polydimethylsiloxane at room temperature for 30 min from Khat samples, and identified by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). This method needs no organic solvents and required minimal sample.
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Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment
GUAN Bao-hong, WU Zhong-biao, XU Gen-liang
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 441-449.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0441
Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kinetics parameters determined from experiment were applied to evaluate the biological treatability of wastewater. Experiments showed that COD removal could be divided into two stages, in which the ratio BOD/COD (B/C) was the key factor for stage division. At the rapid-removal stage with B/C>0.1, COD removal could be described by a zero order reaction. At the moderate-removal stage with B/C<0.1, COD removal could be described by a first order reaction. Then Monod equation was introduced to indicate COD removal. The reaction rate constant (K) and half saturation constant (KS) were 0.0208-0.0642 L/(gMLSS)·h and 0.44-0.59 (gCOD)/L respectively at 20 °C-35 °C. Activation energy (Ea) was 6.05×104 J/mol. By comparison of kinetic parameters, the biological treatability of TPD wastewater was superior to that of traditional textile wastewater. But COD removal from TPD-wastewater was much more difficult than that from domestic and industrial wastewater, such as papermaking, beer, phenol wastewater, etc. The expected effluent quality strongly related to un-biodegradable COD and kinetics rather than total COD. The results provide useful basis for further scaling up and efficient operation of TPD wastewater treatment.
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Suppressing progress of pancreatitis through selective inhibition of NF-κB activation by using NAC
ZHAO Zhi-cheng, ZHENG Shu-sen, CHENG Wen-liang, WANG Xuan, QI Ying
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 477-482.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0477
Objective: To explore the characteristics of NF-κB activation in the progress of pancreatitis, the relationship with expression of TNF-α in the inflammatory reaction, and prevent the exacerbation of pancreatitis by using NAC. Method: Forty-eight rats were divided into three groups: therapy (group C), pancreatitis (group B) and control (group A). NAC served as the inhibitor of NF-κB activation. In the time intervals of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 hour, NF-κB activation was detected with flow cytometry (FCM) and the expression of TNF-α mRNA and protein with in situ hybridization (ISH) and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Meanwhile, the level of lipase and amylase in the serum was assayed and the pathological change was evaluated. Result: NF-κB activation in the pancreatitis group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01), peaked at 3 hours, and was depressed by the inhibitor of NF-κB, NAC. The expression of TNF-α as well as the level of lipase and amylase in the serum also rose synchronously with activation of NF-κB. In contrast to group A, it was significantly different (P<0.01) in group B. After using NAC in group C, all of these values were decreased and the inflammatory reaction in the pancreas abated evidently. The pathology changes of the pancreas were shown to be alleviated in group C. Conclusion: First, NF-κB activity is intensively initiated in the course of pancreatitis and shown to have closely relationship with the release of cytokines. Second, use of NAC markedly depressed NF-κB activation. TNF-α expression is down regulated by cytokines. It is suggested that NAC probably acts as a useful agent for treatment of pancreatitis by indirectly inhibiting activation of NF-κB.
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Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: report of first case in China and review of literature
CAI Xiu-jun, HUANG Di-yu, LIANG Xiao, YU Hong, LI Wei, WANG Xian-fa, PENG Shu-you
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 483-485.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0483
Objective: To report the first case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in China, and review of literature to introduce the characteristics of this disease for doctors to recognize this disease. Method: Report the clinical procedure of diagnosis and treatment for the first case of ciliated hepatic foregut cyst in China, and to review the embryologic genesis, incidence, clinical manifestation, radiologic features and therapeutic principle of this disease. Results: We performed the resection for ciliated hepatic foregut cyst under laparoscopy; the patient recovered well after the procedure. Conclusion: Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst is quite rare clinically, belongs to non-parasitic, solitary and unilocular cystic lesion, is always less than 4 cm in diameter, mostly seen in the left lobe, and has the tendency of malignant change. It should be removed as soon as diagnosed.
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Change in the body temperature of healthy term infant over the first 72 hours of life
LI Meng-xia, SUN Ge, NEUBAUER Henning
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 486-493.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0486
Objective: To determine the range of body temperature in a group of healthy Chinese term neonates over the first 72 hours of life and to assess the influence of body weight, gestational age and route of delivery. Method: All 200 consecutive cases of neonates delivered at our hospital from March to August 2001 were included in this retrospective study. Temperatures were measured immediately after delivery, after 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 8 hours and 15 hours and on the 2nd and 3rd day. Axillary temperatures ranging from 36.5 °C to 37 °C were regarded as normal. No cases of maternal fever or systemic infection of the newborns were discovered. All infants were discharged in good general condition. Results: The mean rectal temperature at birth was 37.19 °C. The lowest average temperature was reached at 1 hour after delivery (36.54 °C) with a significant difference between natural delivery (36.48 °C) and section (36.59 °C) (P<0.05). Temperature subsequently rose to 36.70 °C at 8 hours and 36.78 °C at 15 hours (P<0.05). Hypothermia was seen in 51.8% and hypothermia in 42.5% of the patients. On the 3rd day after delivery, 96% of all temperatures were in the normal range. A significant relation was found between hypothermia and both low birth weight (P<0.001) and low gestational age (P<0.05). Conclusion: The reference range presently used did not include all physiological temperatures in the first 72 hours of life. Considering other factors, such as birth weight, route of delivery, gestational age and body temperature on the 2nd and 3rd day of life, may help to correctly assess the significance of temperatures beyond the reference range.
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Early association of electrocardiogram alteration with infarct size and cardiac function after myocardial infarction
TAO Ze-wei, HUANG Yuan-wei, XIA Qiang, FU Jun, ZHAO Zhi-hong, LU Xian, BRUCE I.C.
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), 2004, 5(4): 494-498.
https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2004.0494
Objective: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause of heart failure, but the relationship between the extent of MI and cardiac function has not been clearly determined. The present study was undertaken to investigate early changes in the electrocardiogram associated with infarct size and cardiac function after MI.Methods: MI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in rats. Electrocardiograms, echocardiographs and hemodynamic parameters were assessed and myocardial infarct size was measured from mid-transverse sections stained with Masson\'s trichrome. Results: The sum of pathological Q wave amplitudes was strongly correlated with myocardial infarct size (r = 0.920, P < 0.0001), left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.868, P < 0.0001) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (r = 0.835, P < 0.0004). Furthermore, there was close relationship between MI size and cardiac function as assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.913, P < 0.0001) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (r = 0.893, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The sum of pathological Q wave amplitudes after MI can be used to estimate the extent of MI as well as cardiac function.
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21 articles
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