| Civil Engineering |
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| Modified particle swarm optimization for optimum design of spread footing and retaining wall |
| Mohammad Khajehzadeh, Mohd Raihan Taha, Ahmed El-Shafie, Mahdiyeh Eslami |
| Department of Civil Engineering, Anar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Anar, Iran, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor 43600, Malaysia, Department of Electrical Engineering, Anar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Anar, Iran |
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Abstract This paper deals with the economically optimized design and sensitivity of two of the most widely used systems in geotechnical engineering: spread footing and retaining wall. Several recent advanced optimization methods have been developed, but very few of these methods have been applied to geotechnical problems. The current research develops a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) approach to obtain the optimum design of spread footing and retaining wall. The algorithm handles the problem-specific constraints using a penalty function approach. The optimization procedure controls all geotechnical and structural design constraints while reducing the overall cost of the structures. To verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm, three case studies of spread footing and retaining wall are illustrated. Comparison of the results of the present method, standard PSO, and other selected methods employed in previous studies shows the reliability and accuracy of the algorithm. Moreover, the parametric performance is investigated in order to examine the effect of relevant variables on the optimum design of the footing and the retaining structure utilizing the proposed method.
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Received: 31 May 2010
Published: 07 June 2011
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