Please wait a minute...
Food Qual Safet
Food Qual Safet
Research Articles     
污染湖中的鱼（津巴布韦奇韦罗湖）：一个令人关注的食品安全问题
Fish from a polluted lake (Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe): a food safety issue of concern
Francis Manjengwa*, Tamuka Nhiwatiwa*, Elijah Nyakudya**, Petronella Banda***
*Faculty of Science, Biosciences Department, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe **Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering Department, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe ***Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Sciences Department, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
 全文: PDF 
摘要：

【研究目的】在选定的哈拉雷高密度郊区进行了一项研究，以确定奇韦罗湖鱼类产品的食品安全危害状况。对湖水和鱼类进行了大肠杆菌O157:H7、细菌总数、真菌计数、汞（Hg）和黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）的检测，以确定污染水平并评估人类健康危害暴露。

【材料和方法】使用CHROM琼脂，通过膜过滤法确定O157:H7大肠杆菌的活菌数。 用平板计数法和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂法测定细菌总数和真菌总数。 采用原子吸收分光光度法和高效液相色谱-质谱法测定鱼类和水中的Hg和AFB1浓度。 对136名成年消费者进行了问卷调查，以确定鱼类产品主要消费方式，评估危害暴露是否符合国际标准。 

【结果】鱼类和水中的微生物污染水平均显著高于国际标准。鱼类和水中大肠杆菌O157:H7的平均计数分别为106 ± 10 (cfu/cm2)和52 ± 14 (cfu/100ml)。鱼类的平均Log10 TBC为8.98 ± 0.26 (cfu/cm2)，水中为9.05 ± 0.05 (cfu/ml)。鱼类的平均Log10 TFC为4.83 ± 0.02 (cfu/cm2)，水中为4.56 ± 0.03 (cfu/ml)。Hg和AFB1在鱼类中分别为0.018（μg/kg）和0.025（μg/kg），在水中分别为0.008（μg/kg）和0.005（μg/kg），根据2015年《食品法典》第193-1995号，两者的危险系数（HQ）均小于1。 

【讨论】鱼类和水被大肠杆菌O157:H7污染，其细菌和真菌含量超过国际食品安全水平。捕获的鱼类已经被病原体以Hg和致癌的AFB1污染，尽管它们的浓度水平在国际食品安全毒理学水平之内。水中Hg和AFB1含量几乎是鱼类的两倍，说明鱼类体内存在生物积累。因此，鱼类消费者面临食品安全的危害，并有因食用受污染的鱼而感染食源性疾病的风险。

关键词： 食品污染;  食品安全危害;  大肠杆菌O157：H7;  汞;  黄曲霉毒素B1    
Abstract:

Objectives: A study to determine food safety hazard status of fish products from Lake Chivero was conducted in selected high density suburbs of Harare. Lake water and fish were tested for E. coli O157:H7, total bacterial, fungal counts, mercury (Hg) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to determine contamination levels and assessing human health hazard exposure. 

Materials and Methods: Membrane filtration method was used to determine E. coli O157:H7 viable counts using CHROM agar. Plate count and Potato dextrose agar were used for determination of total viable bacterial and fungal counts. Concentrations of Hg and AFB1 in fish and water were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 136 adult fish consumers to determine the fish consumption patterns to assess hazard exposure against international standards. 

Results: Significant levels of microbial contamination above international standards in both fish and water were recorded. Mean E. coli O157:H7 counts were 106 ± 10 (cfu/cm2) in fish and 52 ± 14 (cfu/100ml) in water. Mean Log10 TBC were 8.98 ± 0.26 (cfu/cm2) in fish and 9.05 ± 0.05 (cfu/ml) in water. Mean Log10 TFC were 4.83 ± 0.02 (cfu/cm2) in fish and 4.56 ± 0.03 (cfu/ml) in water. Hg and AFB1 were 0.018 (μg/kg) and 0.025 (μg/kg) in fish and 0.008 (μg/kg) and 0.005 (μg/kg) in water, both with a hazard quotient (HQ) <1 using CODEX STAN 193-1995 of 2015. 

Conclusion: Fish and water are contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, contain bacterial and fungal loads above international food safety guidance levels. Fish were caught already contaminated with pathogens together with toxigenic Hg and carcinogenic AFB1 although their concentration levels are within international food safety toxicological levels. Levels of Hg and AFB1 in water were almost double that of fish, implying bio-accumulation occurred in fish. Thus, fish consumers are exposed to food safety hazards and are at risk of contracting foodborne illnesses from consuming contaminated fish.

Key words: food contamination    food safety hazards    E. coli O157:H7    mercury    aflatoxin B1
收稿日期: 2019-01-22 出版日期: 2019-11-09
通讯作者: Tamuka Nhiwatiwa, Faculty of Science, Biosciences Department, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.     E-mail: tnhiwatiwa@science.uz.ac.zw
服务　　
把本文推荐给朋友
加入引用管理器
E-mail Alert
RSS
作者相关文章　　
Francis Manjengwa
Tamuka Nhiwatiwa
Elijah Nyakudya
Petronella Banda

引用本文:

Francis Manjengwa, Tamuka Nhiwatiwa, Elijah Nyakudya, Petronella Banda. Fish from a polluted lake (Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe): a food safety issue of concern. Food Qual Safet, 10.1093/fqsafe/fyz015.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/10.1093/fqsafe/fyz015    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/fqs/CN/Y2019/V3/I3/157

[1] Marilyn C Erickson, Jye-Yin Liao, Alison S Payton, Peter W Cook, Henk C Den Bakker, Jesus Bautista, Juan Carlos Díaz Pérez. 大棚和田间培育的不同菠菜品种中肠道病原体情况[J]. Food Qual Safet, 2018, 2(4): 221-228.
[2] Pradeepkiran Jangampalli Adi and Bhaskar Matcha. 高效液相色谱法分析Cyprinus carpio L.污染饲料、培养基和血清样品中黄曲霉毒素[J]. Food Qual Safet, 2018, 2(4): 199-204.
[3] Kayla Murray, Fan Wu, John Shi, Sophia Jun Xue, Keith Warriner. 微生物食品安全对新鲜农产品的挑战：采后清洗的局限性及干预措施的需求[J]. Food Qual Safet, 2017, 1(4): 289-301.