| Agricultural sciences |
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| Analysis of potato-maize rotation on rhizosphere soil nutrient and enzyme activity for potato |
| WAN Nianxin, ZHENG Shunlin, ZHOU Shaomeng, ZHANG Qin, PENG Bin, YUAN Jichao |
| (College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China) |
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Abstract As the fourth major food crop, potato growing area increased year by year, which was an important mainstay industry in some provinces of China. In recent years, continuous cropping became common in potato growing areas. However, continuous cropping obstacle is one of the main factors limiting potato industry, which can lead to yield and quality losses, diseases spreading, and unbalanced soil ecology system. Therefore, it is an urgent task to explore effective ways to reduce the continuous cropping obstacle of potato and improve the yield and quality. Crop rotation is an effective practice to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle. Many scientific researchers have demonstrated that the crop rotation can relieve soil sickness by improving soil quality, ecological microclimate and crop productivity. Therefore, the crop rotation practice can partly eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle, but the selection of appropriate companion crops is the key. In this study, maize was selected as a rotation successive crop, which is widely planted in mountainous area of southwest China. A short term (2 years) pot experiment with potato-maize rotation, maize-potato rotation compared with potato successive cropping was conducted to study the changes in soil nutrients and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soils. Meanwhile, the effects of potato-maize rotation on rhizosphere soil nutrient and enzyme activity were also discussed. The results showed that, in mature period, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents of potato continuous cropping were decreased compared with those before seeding.
Only total phosphorus of the rhizosphere soils in potato-maize crop rotation were increased by 3.32%, respectively. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium compared with those before seeding, maize-potato crop rotation were increased by 6.84%, 32.67%, 4.13%, 3.77% and 10.81%, respectively.
The total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in maize-potato rotation and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in potato-maize rotation were decreased in the mature period, which were still higher than those in the potato continuous cropping. It was showed that soil nutrients, especially the available nutrients were over used in potato continuous cropping, compared with those in the rotation cropping. Polyphenol oxidase activity had a significant difference in tuber bulking. For other soil enzyme activities of rhizosphere, in the mature stage of the maize-potato crop rotation, the activities of rhizosphere soil urease, catalase, invertase were increased by 5.71%, 2.19% and 4.85%, respectively, and also increased by 52.07%, 32.23% and 11.62% in potato-maize rotation, which were significantly higher than those in the potato continuous cropping system. In summary, potato-maize crop rotation system can effectively relieve the potato continuous cropping obstacle by improving soil enzyme activities, and accelerating physiological and biochemical reactions of rhizosphere soils. Furthermore, the rotation system can relieve the potato continuous cropping obstacle effectively, and provide a theoretical basis for solving the problem of potato continuous cropping obstacle.
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Published: 20 January 2016
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薯玉轮作对马铃薯根区土壤养分及酶活效应分析
在连续2年定位盆栽试验基础上,对马铃薯连作与轮作下根区土壤养分及酶活性进行测定,研究马铃薯玉米（薯玉）轮作对土壤根区养分及酶活性的效应,为解决马铃薯连作障碍提供理论依据。结果表明:在马铃薯连作下,成熟期时土壤养分含量较播种前均降低;成熟期时薯玉轮作下仅全磷含量增加3.32%；而玉米马铃薯（玉薯）轮作下土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾以及速效钾分别升高6.84%、32.67%、4.13%、3.77和10.81%。而在玉薯轮作下土壤氮素、速效钾和薯玉轮作下碱解氮含量则降低,但其降低幅度低于马铃薯连作。由此表明，马铃薯连作对土壤养分的消耗较大,特别是对速效养分的消耗,降低幅度高于轮作。对于根区土壤的酶活性,除多酚氧化酶活性外,土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、蔗糖酶活性在成熟时均呈升高趋势,玉薯轮作与薯玉轮作较播种前分别升高了5.71%、2.19%、4.85%和52.07%、32.23%、11.62%。虽然马铃薯连作下土壤酶活性也升高,但是增幅显著低于轮作,说明薯玉轮作能够较快提高土壤酶活性,加速根区土壤生理生化反应。
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