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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (3): 271-279    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.281
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Strategies for modulation and optimization of the photorespiration pathway in plants
Tianjiao ZHOU(),Xiaohui DING,Junhui WANG()
Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abstract  

Plant ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxidase (Rubisco) has two activities, and the one is carboxylation to assimilate CO2 to produce food for the biosphere, and the other one is oxidation to generate toxic 2-phosphoglycolate to commit the photorespiration pathway. For C3 plants, about 1/3 assimilation products of photosynthesis are used for photorespiration. However, knocking out photorespiration genes directly is unable to improve plant biomass, but also induces lethal phenotypes in most cases. Reasonable optimization of the photorespiration pathway has the potential of large improvements in plant biomass and crop productivity. Here, we review the function and gene loop of the photorespiration pathway, and discuss the approaches to engineer and optimize this pathway to increase crop yields.

Key words： photorespiration      C3 plant      ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxidase (Rubisco)      glycerate transporter      glycolate transformation bypass     
Received: 28 June 2019      Published: 29 May 2020
CLC:  Q 945.1  
Corresponding Authors: Junhui WANG     E-mail: 937827838@qq.com;junhuiwang@zju.edu.cn
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Tianjiao ZHOU
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Cite this article:

Tianjiao ZHOU,Xiaohui DING,Junhui WANG. Strategies for modulation and optimization of the photorespiration pathway in plants. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(3): 271-279.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.281     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2020/V46/I3/271


植物光呼吸途径的调控和优化策略

植物的核酮糖-1，5-双磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxidase, Rubisco）有2种活性：一是羧化作用，同化二氧化碳，为生物圈提供食物；二是氧化作用，消耗同化产物，生成有毒的2-磷酸乙醇酸，启动光呼吸途径。C3植物的光呼吸途径大约消耗了1/3的光合作用产物。但是，直接敲除光呼吸途径的基因不仅不能提高生物量，而且往往是致死的；只有科学优化光呼吸途径才能提高植物生物量和作物产量。本文综述了植物光呼吸途径的功能和基因通路，以及调控和优化光呼吸以提高植物生物量的方法和研究进展。


关键词： 光呼吸,  C3植物,  核酮糖-1，5-双磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶,  甘油酸转运体,  乙醇酸转化旁路 
Fig. 1 Photorespiration pathway of plantsRubisco: Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxidase; PGLP: 2-Phosphoglycolate phosphatase; BASS6: Bile acid sodium symporter; GOX: Glycolate oxidase; GGAT: Glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase; GDC: Glycine decarboxylase multienzyme system (composed of P, T, H and L proteins); SHMT: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase; NADH: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; SGAT: Serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase; HPR: Hydroxypyruvate reductase; PLGG1: Plastidic glycolate glycerate transporter; ptGLYK: Plastid-localized glycerate 3-kinase; cytGLYK: Cytoplasmic GLYK.
Fig. 2 Three approaches to optimizing photorespiration pathwayRubisco: Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxidase; BASS6: Bile acid sodium symporter; PLGG1: Plastidic glycolate glycerate transporter; NADH: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
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