| Agricultural sciences |
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| Effects of slow- and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield of machine-transplanted rice. |
| Li Yue, Li Yinghong, Zhao Jianhong, Sun Yongjian*, Xu Hui, Yan Fengjun, Xie Huaying, Ma Jun* |
| (Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture/Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China) |
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Abstract In order to reduce artificial inputs and improve the efficiency of crop production, the slow- and controlled-release nitrogen (N) fertilizer has become a research focus. However, relatively little work has been done on slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer in machine-transplanted rice. Few studies were reported on whether slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer can improve machine-transplanted rice yield and simplify the fertilization technique. Therefore, different slow- and controlled-release N fertilizers and varieties under machine-transplanted rice were set in this paper, to explore effects of slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer on N utilization characteristics and yield in machine-transplanted rice. Two-factor split-plot design was used to explore the slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer to improve N utilization efficiency and yield increasing mechanism in machine-transplanted rice. Early-maturing indica rice Zhongjiazao 17 and medium-late indica hybrid rice Chuanguyou 7329 were used as trial varieties. The main plot treatments were variety types. The subplot treatments were the coated slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor applied before transplanting (N1), sulfur-coated slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer applied before transplanting (N2), two resin-coated slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer applied before transplanting (N3, N4), single basal application of urea (N5), and the urea application proportion of base, tillering and spike fertilizers was 5∶3∶2 (N6). The results showed significant interactions between variety types and slow- and controlled-release N fertilizers application on biomass, N accumulation, translocation and grain yield at main growth stages. The N apparent use-efficiency was much improved when resin-coated slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer was applied. Besides, N accumulation of panicle, partial factor productivity of applied N, N agronomic efficiency, N apparent use efficiency and yield were increased by 51.83%, 18.71%, 57.97% and 5.54% compared to N6, respectively. Resin-coated slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer was the best among the slow- and controlled-release N fertilizers tested in machine-transplanted rice, which had a significant effect on N accumulation and use efficiency in medium-late indica hybrid rice. However, sulfur-coated slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer and coated slow- and controlled-release N fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor were lower than conventional fertilization in increasing yield and synergism, but they were effective for translocation of vegetative organs and N transportation efficiency. In addition, long growth period of late maturity hybrid rice Chuanguyou 7329 formed sufficient panicles and structure optimization of high quality group, and the rice could fully carry out construction of source-sink and accumulation of dry matter at full heading stage. And from full heading stage to mature stage, dry matter accumulation was improved steadily, and nitrogen accumulation increased N translocation of vegetative organs during grain filling. Ultimately, the late hybrid rice was significantly higher than early-maturing rice in N accumulation, translocation and yield at different growth stages. However, the efficiency of N utilization in Chuanguyou 7329 was low because of its low efficiency of the stem and leaf translocation. In conclusion, under the experimental condition, resin-coated N fertilizer in combination with medium-late indica hybrid rice is the optimal treatment for high yield and high N use efficiency.
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Published: 20 November 2015
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缓控释氮肥对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响
为探究缓控释氮肥提高机插稻氮素利用效率及增产机制，以早籼中熟常规稻中嘉早17和中籼迟熟三系杂交稻川谷优7329为材料，在150 kg/hm2施氮量基础上，采用二因素裂区设计，品种为主区，副区设尿素一次性基施、尿素常规运筹、硫包膜缓控释氮肥、硝化抑制剂包膜缓控释氮肥、2种树脂包膜缓控释肥共6种氮肥处理，探究缓控释氮肥和品种对机插稻干物质量和氮素吸收、转运、利用效率及产量的影响及其互作效应。结果表明，品种间差异与氮肥管理对机插稻物质质量、氮素吸收利用及产量的影响均达到显著水平，且互作效应显著。相对于常规尿素运筹，树脂包膜缓控释氮肥能促进机插稻结实期干物质的积累、氮素的吸收及转运，穗部氮积累量提高51.83%，氮肥农学利用率提高18.71%，氮肥表观利用率提高57.97%，氮肥偏生产力及产量提高5.54%，树脂包膜氮肥对中籼迟熟杂交稻稻株氮素积累及氮素利用效率作用显著，为本试验最优的机插稻配套缓控释氮肥；而硫包膜及抑制剂包膜缓控释氮肥增产、增效均不同程度低于常规施肥，但对机插稻各器官氮素的转运有一定促进作用。此外，生育期长的中籼迟熟杂交稻不同生育时期的氮素积累量、氮转运量及最终产量均显著高于生育期短的早籼中熟常规稻。综合产量与氮素吸收、转运的表现，选用中籼迟熟杂交稻，施用加阳树脂包膜缓控释氮肥，能有效提升机插杂交稻氮素的吸收利用，促进高产形成。
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