| Agricultural sciences |
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| Characteristics of grain yield and nitrogen， phosphorus, potassium
uptake and accumulation of super hybrid rice grown in different locations |
| Xia Bing, Zhao Yang, Wei Yingjuan, Huang Min, Ao Hejun, Zou Yingbin |
| (Agronomy College of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China) |
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Abstract Rice is one of the most important staple food crop in China and other Asian countries. Breeding high yielding varieties and improving resource-use efficiency are eternal themes in the areas of both rice research and rice production. In recent years, many super hybrid rice varieties with high yield potential have been widely grown by rice farmers in China, but the rule of nutrient uptake and accumulation is not fully clear.
This paper attempted to ascertain the characteristics and genetic differences of grain yield performance and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) uptake and accumulation of super hybrid rice under different ecological conditions. The field experiments with 8 representative super hybrid rice varieties (i.e., Liangyoupeijiu, Zhongzheyou 1, Zhunliangyou 527, Y-liangyou 1, Ⅱ-you 084, Ⅱ-youhang 1, Neiliangyou 6 and D-you 527) were conducted in Guidong County, Changsha City and Nanxian County of Hunan Province in China from 2007 to 2009, of which a common hybrid rice variety Shanyou 63 and a super inbred rice variety Shengtai 1 were taken as the control. The varieties were arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Germinated seeds were sown at the rate of 15 g/m2 on 1520th May in Guiding and on 1520th April in Changsha and Nanxian. Twenty five-days old seedling were transplanted with 2 seedlings per hill and a hill spacing is 23.33 cm×23.33 cm. Crop management followed high yielding cultivation practices.
The results showed that there were significantly genetic and regional differences in grain yield and nitrogen， phosphorus, potassium (NPK) uptake and accumulation. Averaged across 3 locations and 2 years, grain yields of super hybrid rice varieties were 9.3210.25 t/hm2, which were 5.1%15.6% and 8.9%19.7% higher than those of Shanyou 63 and Shengtai 1, respectively. Guidong had the highest average grain yield of 11.45 t/hm2, which was 38.1% and 30.0% higher than that in Changsha and Nanxian, respectively. The high grain yield in Guiding was attributed to high panicle number and filled grain percentage. In addition, there was significant difference in grain yield among years. The highest average grain yield of 10.01 t/hm2 was obtained in 2009 and the lowest one of 8.29 t/hm2 was recorded in 2007, of which the former was resulted from high panicle number and the latter was cased by small panicle size. Nutrient requirement for producing 1 000 kg grains of super hybrid rice appeared as N 18.4819.85 kg, P 3.754.63 kg and K 15.9017.40 kg. There were no significant differences in the NPK requirements between super hybrid rice and the control except for that Shengtai 1 showed significantly less N requirement. Nutrient uptake rate of super hybrid rice appeared as N 177.69189.09 kg/hm2, P 36.9439.80 kg/hm2 and K 153.38165.39 kg/hm2, of which 61.2%65.3% of N and 67.6%74.4% of P accumulated in rice grains and 86.9%89.6% of K accumulated in rice straw. Compared with super hybrid and common hybrid rice, inbred rice Shengtai 1 showed significantly less NK uptake rates but similar P uptake rate. Percentage of N uptake rate to the total was about 20% until to mid-tillering stage (20 d after transplanting), 25%30% from mid-tillering stage to panicle initiation stage, 30%40% from panicle initiation stage to heading stage and about 20% after heading, and the percentage of P was 15%,20%30%,40%45% and 10%20%, respectively, and the percentage of K was 15%20%, 25%35%, 30%40% and 15%20%, respectively. There were no significant differences in NPK accumulation rates at each growth stage between hybrid rice and inbred rice.
As above,super hybrid rice displayed significantly higher yield potential but lower nutrient requirements for NPK than those of common hybrid rice and inbred rice. It is concluded that high grain yield can be achieved with high nutrient-use efficiency in super hybrid rice.
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Published: 20 September 2015
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不同种植地点超级杂交稻产量及氮磷钾吸收积累特点
为探明不同生态条件下超级杂交稻产量与氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累特点及其基因型差异。以两优培九、中浙优1号等8个代表性的超级杂交稻品种为材料,普通杂交稻汕优63和超级常规稻胜泰1号为对照,于2007—2009年在湖南省桂东、长沙、南县进行了大田栽培试验。结果表明不同基因型超级杂交稻产量与氮磷钾养分吸收量的地点间、年度间、品种间差异显著。不同超级杂交稻品种产量3年3地点平均为9.32~10.25 t/hm2,比汕优63增产5.1%~15.6%,比胜泰1号增产8.9%~19.7%;氮、磷、钾养分需要量分别为18.48~19.85 kg,3.75~4.63 kg 和15.90~17.40 kg;氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别为177.69~189.09 kg/hm2,36.94~39.80 kg/hm2和153.38~165.39 kg/hm2,其中稻谷中氮素、磷素分别为61.2%~65.3%和67.6%~74.4%,稻草中钾素为86.9%~89.6%;氮素吸收率在分蘖中期约为20%,穗分化期25%~30%,抽穗期30%~40%,成熟期约为20%;磷素分别约15%,20%~30%,40%~45%,10%~20%;钾素分别为15%~20%,25%~35%,30%~40%,15%~20%。可见,超级杂交稻具有显著的增产优势,养分需要量低于对照品种,说明超级杂交稻有利于实现高产与养分高效利用相协调。
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